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The period covered is marked by several turning-points, such as the spread of iron technology, the introduction of innovative irrigation systems and the development of new forms of urbanization. In China, India and the Mediterranean, in Central America and in parts of South America, the so-called 'Classical cultures' rose. For the first time, science attempted to develop independently of myth and religion, as a new method to explain nature and human destiny. But this period also witnessed the rise of universal religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and, in the seventh century, Islam.
Using the presence of the past as a point of departure, this books explores three critical themes in Southeast Asian oral history: the relationship between oral history and official histories produced by nation-states; the nature of memories of violence; and intersections between oral history, oral tradition, and heritage discourses.
In recent decades, learning another language and educating people with appropriate skills that address the requirements of the modern world have become significant issues. Today, around two billion people learn and use English to some extent, and this number is expected to rise. In the same vein, recent rapid technological advancements have made it mandatory to adjust the education system to the requirements of this era. Currently, in the field of pre-service education, various new approaches are being applied. This book will provide the reader with the chance to read about and understand contemporary topics, approaches and methodologies in education in various fields. In this sense, it will be an essential resource for undergraduate, graduate and PhD students and researchers wishing to learn about the recent developments in pre-service teacher education.
This book is much directed to accomplish the readers demand, in particular the students, for advanced level (i.e. high schools and colleges) on African history from the past to the present. It covers the period from the tenth century to the present. It includes the development of precolonial African societies; Africans during the European mercantile time, focusing on similarities and factors for disparities on advancement; and lives of black people in the New World since they arrived as slaves and their contribution on American civilization and development. European colonialism in the second half of the nineteenth century is another important historical era that shaped Africa. As Europe and ...