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More than two million men served in the Union forces during the American Civil War. Of them, most are forgotten but Andrew Alexander should not be. Alexander’s four years of unbroken service during the Rebellion, and twenty-two years of life on the frontier earned him a place that should be more notable. His friends remembered him as a man of great courage, integrity, and physical perfection. He fought at Gettysburg and other great battles of the war. One of those friends, General James H. Wilson, tried to make sure he was not forgotten by authoring this biography of Alexander in 1887. He recounts the early part of the Civil War when Alexander was called to Washington to serve on the staff of General George B. McClellan. But it wasn't long before he was in the thick of the fighting as a cavalry officer, eventually being breveted as a major-general. After the Civil War, he served out west in the frontier until ill health took him away. For the first time, this long out-of-print volume is available as an affordable, well-formatted book for e-readers and smartphones. Be sure to LOOK INSIDE by clicking the cover above or download a sample.
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Natural emissions of methane have received much attention over the last decade due to the documented increase of methane in the atmosphere and high global warming potential relative to CO2. Over the past few decades the Arctic has been warming approximately four times faster than the rest of the planet, driving a pressing need to assess the current and future vulnerability of various natural methane sources. In the Arctic, vast amounts of methane is stored in soils and permafrost or is being generated as permafrost thaw continues. Additionally, there are large stores of methane in Arctic gas hydrates, a solid form of concentrated methane and water, and in numerous settings, including deep-water marine areas, on continental shelves hosting relict subsea permafrost and gas hydrate, in and beneath onshore permafrost, and likely beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet. Continued climate warming is making methane leakage more likely. Even deeper conventional gas reservoirs could leak methane as the overlying permafrost degrades.
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This book explores how the concept or urban experimentation is being used to reshape practices of knowledge production in urban debates about resilience, climate change governance, and socio-technical transitions. With contributions from leading scholars, and case studies from the Global North and South, from small to large scale cities, this book suggests that urban experiments offer novel modes of engagement, governance, and politics that both challenge and complement conventional strategies. The book is organized around three cross-cutting themes. Part I explores the logics of urban experimentation, different approaches, and how and why they are deployed. Part II considers how experiments are being staged within cities, by whom, and with what effects? Part III examines how entire cities or groups of cities are constructed as experiments. This book seeks to contribute a deeper and more socially and politically nuanced understanding of how urban experiments shape cities and drive wider changes in society, providing a framework to examine the phenomenon of urban experimentation in conceptual and empirical detail.
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Current societies face unprecedented risks and challenges connected to climate change. Addressing them will require fundamental transformations in the infrastructures that sustain everyday life, such as energy, water, waste and mobility. A transition to a ‘low carbon’ future implies a large scale reorganisation in the way societies produce and use energy. Cities are critical in this transition because they concentrate social and economic activities that produce climate change related emissions. At the same time, cities are increasingly recognised as sources of opportunities for climate change mitigation. Whether, how and why low carbon transitions in urban systems take place in response ...