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En el texto se presenta un análisis acerca de la situación de los defensores de derechos humanos en Colombia. Tras indicar quiénes son los defensores y qué actividades realizan acorde al derecho internacional, se exponen los principales motivos que explican los distintos tipos de violaciones de derechos humanos a éstos, dificultando el libre ejercicio de su labor. Posteriormente se revisan las medidas tomadas al respecto por el Estado colombiano, centradas en una protección ineficaz y faltando la investigación y sanción de los responsables de tales violaciones para prevenir que se sigan cometiendo. Por último, se mencionan algunas recomendaciones que puedan incidir en la mejora de la situación en que desarrollan sus actividades en el país.
Este libro aborda el fenómeno de la globalización y la solidaridad en las estructuras de poder político. En su desarrollo se estudian los acuerdos de libre comercio de Estados Unidos, Canadá, México, Brasil y China, analizando cómo estas negociaciones afectan a los poderes constitucionales de los países implicados. La investigación se inicia con un examen del carácter racional normativo de la Constitución económica liberal, determinando su influencia en el libre mercado. También se examina la proyección del principio de solidaridad en diferentes ámbitos, estudiando su contenido ético y constitucional. En la segunda parte se investigan las implicaciones legales, jurídicas y po...
This book focuses on the archaeology of the hunter-gatherer societies that inhabited Europe in the millennia between the Last Ice Age and the spread of agriculture, between 10,000 and 5,000 years ago. Traditionally viewed as a period of cultural stagnation, new data now demonstrate that this was a period of radical change and innovation. This was the period that witnessed the colonization of extensive new territory at high latitudes and high altitudes following postglacial climatic change, the development of seafaring, and the synthesis of the technological, economic, and social capabilities that underpinned the later development of agricultural and urban societies.
This publication is an essential guide for general counsel and law firms to the changing world of human rights and its importance for global business. The book highlights the growing relationship between human rights and global business and the developing international focus on the issue, particularly as a result of recent United Nations initiatives. Providing detailed commentary from leading international law firms, this first edition focuses on the legal accountability and due diligence responsibilities of corporates based in many of the world's most developed jurisdictions for human rights compliance by their overseas operations.
The Symposium on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI) began as a workshop held in 2003 in San Sebastián (Spain) under the Spanish Artificial Intelligence Conference. This event gathered 32 attendees and 18 papers were p- sented. The second edition, already as a Symposium, took place in Granada (Spain) under the first Spanish Computer Science Conference (CEDI). Later, in 2006, a s- ond workshop was celebrated in Ciudad Real and, in 2007; the second Symposium was organized in Zaragoza by the CEDI conference. Now we continue to work on the organization of this event in Salamanca, a beautiful Spanish city. The European Community and the Sixth and Seventh Framework Programs - courage researchers to explore the generic scope of the AmI vision. In fact, some researchers have a crucial role in this vision. Emile Aarts from Philips describes - bient Intelligence as "the integration of technology into our environment, so that p- ple can freely and interactively utilize it". This idea agrees with the proposal of Mark Weiser regarding the Ubiquitous Computing paradigm.
The concept of adiabatic electronic potential-energy surfaces, defined by the Born?Oppenheimer approximation, is fundamental to our thinking about chemical processes. Recent computational as well as experimental studies have produced ample evidence that the so-called conical intersections of electronic energy surfaces, predicted by von Neumann and Wigner in 1929, are the rule rather than the exception in polyatomic molecules. It is nowadays increasingly recognized that conical intersections play a key mechanistic role in chemical reaction dynamics. This volume provides an up-to-date overview of the multi-faceted research on the role of conical intersections in photochemistry and photobiology, including basic theoretical concepts, novel computational strategies as well as innovative experiments. The contents and discussions will be of value to advanced students and researchers in photochemistry, molecular spectroscopy and related areas.
This volume is a successor of sorts to the Institute's 1986 volume Toward Renewed Economic Growth in Latin America, which blazed the trail for the market-oriented economic reforms that were adopted in Latin America in the subsequent years. It again presents the work of a group of leading Latin American economists who were asked to think about the nature of the economic policy agenda that the region should be pursuing after a decade that was punctuated by crises, achieved disappointingly slow growth, and saw no improvement in the region's highly skewed income distribution. The study diagnoses the first-generation (liberalizing and stabilizing) reforms that are still lacking, the complementary...
This book critically evaluates the Ruggie Framework and the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and investigates the normative foundations as well as the nature, extent and enforcement of corporate obligations for the realisation of human rights.
This book covers both the fundamental and applied aspects of advanced Na-ion batteries (NIB) which have proven to be a potential challenger to Li-ion batteries. Both the chemistry and design of positive and negative electrode materials are examined. In NIB, the electrolyte is also a crucial part of the batteries and the recent research, showing a possible alternative to classical electrolytes – with the development of ionic liquid-based electrolytes – is also explored. Cycling performance in NIB is also strongly associated with the quality of the electrode-electrolyte interface, where electrolyte degradation takes place; thus, Na-ion Batteries details the recent achievements in furthering knowledge of this interface. Finally, as the ultimate goal is commercialization of this new electrical storage technology, the last chapters are dedicated to the industrial point of view, given by two startup companies, who developed two different NIB chemistries for complementary applications and markets.