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The global economic cost from corrosion is estimated to be more than US$2.5 trillion, or equivalent to 3.4% of the global GDP. Corrosion costs the U.S. economy close to $300 billion per annum. About 100 billion dollars these costs could be remediated by application of corrosion-resistant materials and the use of corrosion-related technical practices such as corrosion inhibitors. A corrosion inhibitor is a chemical compound that, when added to a liquid or gas, decreases the corrosion rate of a metal, or its alloy that comes into contact with the fluid or vapour. These chemicals are both organic and inorganic compounds, which generally form a protective layer on the metal surface. Some corrosi...
This book covers topics relevant to the concept of infrastructure construction, including key requirements of development such as measuring productivity and maintenance. It presents different categories of sustainability maintenance of critical infrastructures. In addition, it presents a complex simulation model, the reconfiguration simulator, which enables evaluation of the effectiveness of resilience enhancement strategies for electric distribution networks and the required resources to implement them. Then, it discusses health services as a critical sector in this field, which should be able to perform its function, even in times of crisis. The last chapter presents a brief review of different bridges, including the processes of design, material selection, construction, and maintenance.
This book provides recent information on various analytical procedures and techniques, representing strategies for reliability, specificity, selectivity and sensitivity improvements in pesticides analysis. The volume covers three main topics: current trends in sample preparation, selective and sensitive chromatographic detection and determination of pesticides residues in food and environmental samples, and biological (immunoassays-and biosensors-based) methods application in pesticides analysis as an alternative to the chromatographic methods for "in situ" and "on line" pesticides quantification. Intended as electronic edition, providing an immediate "open access" to its content, the book is easy to follow and will be of interest to the professionals involved in pesticides analysis.
Large digital platforms have been in the doghouse of antitrust decision-makers worldwide in recent years. Antitrust regulators agree, urgent intervention is needed. Interestingly, it is the plight of victimized suppliers--of merchants, app developers, publishers, platform labourers, and the like, who are upstream in the value chain--that has topped the policy agenda, prompting scrutiny of an almost unprecedented intensity. Amid such anxieties, Antitrust and Upstream Platform Power Plays asks a somewhat provocative question: Are upstream platform power plays really 'competition problems', and ones for antitrust, at that? The apparently obvious answer--'yes'--is deceptively simple for a number...
Food and Drug Regulation in an Era of Globalized Markets provides a synthesized look at the pressures that are impacting today's markets, including trade liberalization, harmonization initiatives between governments, increased aid activities to low-and middle-income countries, and developing pharmaceutical sectors in China and India. From the changing nature of packaged and processed food supply chains, to the reorientation of pharmaceutical research and funding coalesced to confront firms, regulators, and consumers are now faced with previously unknown challenges. Based on the 2014 O'Neill Institute Summer program, this book provides an international, cross-disciplinary look at the changing...
One of the enduring legacies of the United States Civil War is that democracy in the workforce is an essential part of societal democracy. But the past century has seen a marked decline in the number of unionized employees, a trend that has increased with the rise of the internet and low-paying, gig-economy jobs that lack union protection. William B. Gould IV takes stock of this history and finds that unions, frequently providing inadequate energy and resources in organizing the unorganized, have a mixed record in dealing with many public-policy issues, particularly involving race. But Gould argues that unions, notwithstanding these failures, are still the best means to protect essential workers in health, groceries, food processing, agriculture, and the meatpacking industry, and that the law, when properly deployed, can be a remedy not only for trade union-employer relationships, but also for the ailments of democracy itself.
This book, part of the Stanford Law School research project on the future of the legal profession, thoroughly examines the future of “big law,” defined as the large and mid-size multiservice highly specialized law firms that provide sophisticated, complex and generally costly legal work to multinationals, large and mid-size domestic corporations, and other business clients. By systematically gathering, assessing, and analyzing the best available quantitative and qualitative data on the first tier of the corporate legal services market of Latin America and Spain, and interviewing a broadly representative sample of corporate legal officers, law firm partners, and other stakeholders in each of the countries covered, this book provides a nuanced perspective on changes in “big law” during the last two decades until the present. It also explores the factors that are driving these changes, and the implications for the future of legal profession, legal education and its relationship with the corporate sector and society in general.
The OECD Territorial Review of Skåne assesses the capacity of the third largest region in Sweden to compete for investment and talents in an increasingly globalised economy. Skåne has long been one of the three major engines of national growth and ...
Air pollutants are continuously released from numerous sources into the atmosphere. Several studies have been carried out on the quantification of pollutants and their consequences on public health. Identification of the source characteristics of air pollution is an important step in the development of regional air quality control strategies. Air quality is a measure of the degree of ambient atmospheric pollution. Deterioration and damage to both public health and environment due to poor air quality have been recognized at a legislative and international level. In consequence, indoor and outdoor air quality must also be considered. This book tries to reveal different points of view of the wide concept of air quality in two different sections. In this context, there will be an initial introductory chapter on the main concepts of air quality, following which there will be real case studies on outdoor and indoor air quality with an aim to provide a guideline for future standards and research works.