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Vinyl Cations provides a comprehensive and detailed treatment of the reactive intermediate in which the electron-deficient carbon is an integral part of a ? unsaturation. This book emphasizes that the reaction through vinyl cations is a viable pathway among the multitude of mechanistic routes for vinylic substitution. The aryl, ethynyl, and allenyl cations from the viewpoint of direct solvolytic generation from appropriate allenyl precursors are briefly discussed. Other topics include the preparative aspects of electrophilic additions to alkynes, participation of allenyl bonds in solvolyses, and vinyl cations generated through diazonium ions. The nature of the cationic intermediates, migrations across the double bond, thiirenium ions, and species related to vinyl cations are likewise elaborated. This publication is beneficial to chemists and researchers concerned with vinyl cations.
"He Raped. . . Altemio Sanchez was a modern-day Jekyll and Hyde—a family man who resided in Buffalo, New York, with a wife and two sons, worked nights as a machinist, and concealed a terrible secret. Once a year, after his shift, he'd make a side trip to a secluded spot where women would ride bikes and jog. He was called ""The Bike Path Rapist""—until he crossed the line from rape to murder. He Killed. . . For fourteen years, the Bike Path Killer mercilessly raped and murdered his prey, eluding police every step of the way. Then, the killings stopped. People wondered whether he'd left town, had been locked up in prison for another crime, or maybe even died. But when another woman's corpse with the same lethal signature surfaced, authorities knew the Bike Path Killer was back. And He Almost Got Away With It. Now, for the first time, two award-winning reporters follow a depraved killer's bloody trail of terror to the bitter end: his horrifying confession. . . Includes 16 pages of shocking photos. "
This Companion provides a comprehensive guide to ancient logic. The first part charts its chronological development, focussing especially on the Greek tradition, and discusses its two main systems: Aristotle's logic of terms and the Stoic logic of propositions. The second part explores the key concepts at the heart of the ancient logical systems: truth, definition, terms, propositions, syllogisms, demonstrations, modality and fallacy. The systematic discussion of these concepts allows the reader to engage with some specific logical and exegetical issues and to appreciate their transformations across different philosophical traditions. The intersections between logic, mathematics and rhetoric are also explored. The third part of the volume discusses the reception and influence of ancient logic in the history of philosophy and its significance for philosophy in our own times. Comprehensive coverage, chapters by leading international scholars and a critical overview of the recent literature in the field will make this volume essential for students and scholars of ancient logic.
During the last few years, industrial fermentation technologies have advanced in order to improve the quality of the final product. Some examples of those modern technologies are the biotechnology developments of microbial materials, such as Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts or lactic bacteria from different genera. Other technologies are related to the use of additives and adjuvants, such as nutrients, enzymes, fining agents, or preservatives and their management, which directly influence the quality and reduce the risks in final fermentation products. Other technologies are based on the management of thermal treatments, filtrations, pressure applications, ultrasounds, UV, and so on, which have also led to improvements in fermentation quality in recent years. The aim of the issue is to study new technologies able to improve the quality parameters of fermentation products, such as aroma, color, turbidity, acidity, or any other parameters related to improving sensory perception by the consumers. Food safety parameters are also included.
Of all the first-year courses, property is often the one most dreaded by law students. The goal of Defining and Acquiring Interests in Property is to make the course less intimidating and more enjoyable and engage students by providing an exciting learning experience. In order to increase student engagement with this challenging material, the book encourages students to approach property law with an open mind and to recognize some things are very different from what they appear. The book focus on a few key goals: Providing students with a new definition of property that encourages them to think of “property” in a different light Outlining and describing the various forms of property inte...