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A critical history of European sovereignty and property rights as the foundation of the international order in 1300-1870.
A History of Architectural Conservation expands knowledge about the conservation of ancient monuments, works of art and historic buildings. It includes the origins of the interest in conservation within the European context, and the development of the concepts from Antiquity and the Renaissance to the present day. Jokilehto illustrates how this development has influenced international collaboration in the protection and conservation of cultural heritage, and how it has formed the principal concepts and approach to conservation and restoration in today's multi-cultural society. This book is based on archival research of original documents and the study of key restoration examples in countries that have influenced the international conservation movement. Accessible and of great interest to students and the general public it includes conservation trends in Europe, the USA, India, Iran and Japan.
"Joseph Bergin explores the king's practice of appointing qualified and worthy men as bishops, and of the difficulties and tensions inherent in it. Candidates generally began their careers with theology degrees and graduated to minor clerical positions, where they might gain valuable, practical experience, prior to their appointment as relatively mature men. Rarely were archbishops chosen who had not served as bishops, but appeal was to be found in family credit as well as demonstrable ability. The author explains the provenance of this system, illustrating it with numerous well-drawn examples and examining it in detail. In addition he accounts for the deficiencies of this elastic policy of appointment, which occasioned a group of some 120 bishops, not all of whom the king and his advisers could have personal knowledge." "This book uncovers a crucial part of the reign of Louis XIV and is essential for anyone with a serious interest in early modern French history."--BOOK JACKET.
“Whatever happens, the flame of French resistance must not and will not go out.” As Charles de Gaulle ended his radio address to the French nation in June 1940, listeners must have felt a surge of patriotism tinged with uncertainty. Who would keep the flame burning through dark years of occupation? At what cost? Olivier Wieviorka presents a comprehensive history of the French Resistance, synthesizing its social, political, and military aspects to offer fresh insights into its operation. Detailing the Resistance from the inside out, he reveals not one organization but many interlocking groups often at odds over goals, methods, and leadership. He debunks lingering myths, including the idea...
The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises.
"In the nineteenth century a new type of mystic emerged in Catholic Europe. While cases of stigmatisation had been reported since the thirteenth century, this era witnessed the development of the 'stigmatic': young women who attracted widespread interest thanks to the appearance of physical stigmata. To understand the popularity of these stigmatics we need to regard them as the 'saints' and religious 'celebrities' of their time. With their 'miraculous' bodies, they fit contemporary popular ideas (if not necessarily those of the Church) of what sanctity was. As knowledge about them spread via modern media and their fame became marketable, they developed into religious 'celebrities'"--
This book traces Christianity's change from European imperialism's moral foundation to a voice of political and social change during decolonization.