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Seeds of Resistance
Sun. Soil. Water. Seed. These are the primordial ingredients for the most essential activity of all on earth: growing food. All of these elements are being changed dramatically under the pressures of corporate consolidation of the food chain, which has been accelerating just as climate change is profoundly altering the conditions for growing food. In the midst of this global crisis, the fate of our food has slipped into a handful of the world’s largest companies. Food Chained will bring home what this corporate stranglehold is doing to our daily diet, from the explosion of genetically modified foods to the rapid disappearance of plant varieties to the elimination of independent farmers who...
Sustainable Forestry
This book reviews the current state-of-the-art within each of the four major themes: science and policy; inventory and monitoring; statistics and modelling; and information and knowledge management, in the context of sustainable forestry. It fosters dialogue across thematic areas concerning both strategic and operational approaches to integrate research on sustainable forestry. It also enhances and encourages international collaboration towards sustainable forestry practice worldwide.
Nondestructive Methods for Detecting Defects in Softwood Logs
Wood degradation and defects, such as voids and knots, affect the quality and processing time of lumber. The ability to detect internal defects in the log can save mills time and processing costs. In this study, we investigated three nondestructive evaluation techniques for detecting internal wood defects. Sound wave transmission, x-ray computed tomography, and impulse radar were used to examine white spruce and balsam fir logs. Computed tomography resulted in the highest resolution for voids, knots, and high moisture content areas, but at a very high price. Both sound wave transmission and impulse radar were able to detect large voids and areas of degradation, and these techniques showed some sensitivity to very knotty logs. None of the methods was able to detect small pockets of decay. The use of radar requires an experienced operator because of the difficulty of interpreting the data.
Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation
These Proceedings, consisting of Parts A and B, contain the edited versions of most of the papers presented at the annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation held at the University of Washington, Seattle on July 30 to August 4, 1995. The Review was organized by the Center for NDE at Iowa State University, in cooperation with the Ames Laboratory of the USDOE, the American Society of Nondestructive Testing, the Department of Energy, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Science Foundation IndustryiUniversity Cooperative Research Centers, and the Working Group in Quantitative NDE. This year's Review of Prog...
Guidelines for Evaluating Air Pollution Impacts on Class I Wilderness Areas in California
The 1977 Clean Air Act legally mandated the prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) of air quality related values (AQRVs) on wilderness lands. Federal land managers are assigned the task of protecting these wilderness values. This report contains guidelines for determining the potential effects of incremental increases in air pollutants on natural resources in wilderness areas of the National Forests of California. These guidelines are based on current information about the effects of ozone, sulfur, and nitrogen on AQRVs. Knowledge-based methods were used to elicit these guidelines from scientists and resource managers in a workshop setting. Linkages were made between air pollutant dep...
Measuring Soil and Tree Temperatures During Prescribed Fires with Thermocouple Probes
Soil and cambium temperatures must be known to ascertain certain effects of prescribed fires on trees. Thermocouple-based systems were devised for measuring soil and cambium temperatures during prescribed fires. The systems, which incorporate both commercially available and custom components, perform three basic functions: data collection, data retrieval, and data translation. Although the systems and procedures for using them were designed for research purposes, they could be adapted for monitoring operational prescribed fires.
