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Hot Isostatic Pressing— Theory and Applications
The HIP process was originally devised for diffusion bonding of nuclear fuel elements at Battelle Memorial Institute in the United States in the mid-1950s. This innovative technique has been a subject of global research and development, and was applied to the cemented carbide industry at the end of the 1960s by ASEAj Sandvik. Since then this process has been applied to many kinds of industrial materials, including tool steel, superalloys and electronic and ceramic materials. In very recent years, HIPing technology has been applied even to R& D of high temperature superconducting materials and of a composite process with self combustion reaction. On this occasion we should recognize that the ...
Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Characterization
Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Characterization presents the proceedings of the International School on Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, held on October 12-23, 1981, at the National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi, India. The book consists of lectures by distinguished scientists from around the world who tackle different aspects of synthesis, crystal growth, characterization of materials, energy conversion, and energy storage. Organized into four parts encompassing 26 chapters, the book begins with an overview of the synthesis of materials at high temperatures and pressures before turning to a discussion of how macrocrystalline an...
The Rare Earths in Modern Science and Technology
The Fifteenth Rare Earth Research Conference was held June 15-18, 1981 on the Rolla campus of th.e University of Missouri. The conference was hosted by the Graduate Center for Materials Research, the College of Arts and Science, and the School of Mines and Metallurgy. It was expected that the conference would provide a forum for critical examination and review of the current and important trends in rare earth science and technology. To this end, over 170 papers were presented in both oral and poster sessions by researchers representing some nineteen countries. The program committee was particularly gratified to see the diversity of effort being devoted to rare earth research by different dis...
Crystal Growth
In the last decade or so the growth of single crystals has assumed enormous importance for both academic research, and technology (particu larly in the field of 'electronics'). The range of fields involved is great: from electro-optics to metal corrosion, from semiconductors to magnetic bubble materials-one can add to the list almost indefinitely. However, while the general principles of crystal growth can be applied aImost right across the board, it turns out that the precise way in which one can grow a particular crystal best varies considerably from material to material. This, of course, is to emphasise the obvious; nonetheless, except in specialised papers in the scientific litera ture ,...
Symmetry and Heterogeneity in High Temperature Superconductors
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Symmetry and Heterogeneity in High Temperature Superconductors, Erice-Sicily, 4-10 October 2003
Stripes and Related Phenomena
The problem of superconductors has been a central issue in Solid State Physics since 1987. After the discovery of superconductivity (HTSC) in doped perovskites, it was realized that the HTSC appears in an unknown complex electronic phase of c- densed matter. In the early years, all theories of HTSC were focused on the physics of a homogeneous 2D metal with large electron–electron correlations or on a 2D polaron gas. Only after 1990, a novel paradigm started to grow where this 2D metallic phase is described as an inhomogeneous metal. This was the outcome of several experimental evidences of phase separation at low doping. Since 1992, a series of conferences on phase separation were organize...
Thin Films by Chemical Vapour Deposition
The explosive growth in the semiconductor industry has caused a rapid evolution of thin film materials that lend themselves to the fabrication of state-of-the-art semiconductor devices. Early in the 1960s an old research technique named chemical vapour phase deposition (CVD), which has several unique advantages, developed into the most widely used technique for thin film preparation in electronics technology. In the last 25 years, tremendous advances have been made in the science and technology of thin films prepared by means of CVD. This book presents in a single volume, an up-to-date overview of the important field of CVD processes which has never been completely reviewed previously. Conte...
High-Tc Copper Oxide Superconductors and Related Novel Materials
Authored by many of the world's leading experts on high-Tc superconductivity, this volume presents a panorama of ongoing research in the field, as well as insights into related multifunctional materials. The contributions cover many different and complementary aspects of the physics and materials challenges, with an emphasis on superconducting materials that have emerged since the discovery of the cuprate superconductors, for example pnictides, MgB2, H2S and other hydrides. Special attention is also paid to interface superconductivity. In addition to superconductors, the volume also addresses materials related to polar and multifunctional ground states, another class of materials that owes its discovery to Prof. Müller's ground-breaking research on SrTiO3.
Inorganic Reactions and Methods, The Formation of Bonds to N, P, As, Sb, Bi (Part 2)
For the first time the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson). Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, the series creates a framework which reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. Thus, it stimulates future development by identifying areas which are fruitful for further research. The work is indexed in a unique way by a structured system which maximizes its usefulness to the reader. It augments the organization of the work by providing additional routes of access for specific compounds, reactions and other topics.
Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths
This volume of the Handbook is the first of a two-volume set of reviews devoted to the rare-earth-based high-temperature oxide superconductors (commonly known as hiTC superconductors). The history of hiTC superconductors is a few months short of being 14 years old when Bednorz and Müller published their results which showed that (La,BA)2CuO4 had a superconducting transition of ~30 K, which was about 7K higher than any other known superconducting material. Within a year the upper temperature limit was raised to nearly 100K with the discovery of an ~90K superconducting transition in YBa2Cu3O7-&dgr;. The announcement of a superconductor with a transition temperature higher than the boiling point of liquid nitrogen set-off a frenzy of research on trying to find other oxide hiTC superconductors. Within a few months the maximum superconducting transition reached 110 K (Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3010, and then 122K (TlBa2Ca3Cu4O11. It took several years to push TC up another 11 K to 133 K with the discovery of superconductivity in HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8, which is still the record holder today.
