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It is known that certain one-dimensional nearest-neighbor random walks in i.i.d. random space-time environments have diffusive scaling limits. Here, in the continuum limit, the random environment is represented by a `stochastic flow of kernels', which is a collection of random kernels that can be loosely interpreted as the transition probabilities of a Markov process in a random environment. The theory of stochastic flows of kernels was first developed by Le Jan and Raimond, who showed that each such flow is characterized by its -point motions. The authors' work focuses on a class of stochastic flows of kernels with Brownian -point motions which, after their inventors, will be called Howitt-...
The authors define combinatorial Floer homology of a transverse pair of noncontractible nonisotopic embedded loops in an oriented -manifold without boundary, prove that it is invariant under isotopy, and prove that it is isomorphic to the original Lagrangian Floer homology. Their proof uses a formula for the Viterbo-Maslov index for a smooth lune in a -manifold.
Joseph and Hodges-Levasseur (in the A case) described the spectra of all quantum function algebras on simple algebraic groups in terms of the centers of certain localizations of quotients of by torus invariant prime ideals, or equivalently in terms of orbits of finite groups. These centers were only known up to finite extensions. The author determines the centers explicitly under the general conditions that the deformation parameter is not a root of unity and without any restriction on the characteristic of the ground field. From it he deduces a more explicit description of all prime ideals of than the previously known ones and an explicit parametrization of .
This book offers a unified perspective on the study of complex systems with contributions written by leading scientists from various disciplines, including mathematics, physics, computer science, biology, economics and social science. It is written for researchers from a broad range of scientific fields with an interest in recent developments in complex systems.
Polynomial approximation on convex polytopes in is considered in uniform and -norms. For an appropriate modulus of smoothness matching direct and converse estimates are proven. In the -case so called strong direct and converse results are also verified. The equivalence of the moduli of smoothness with an appropriate -functional follows as a consequence. The results solve a problem that was left open since the mid 1980s when some of the present findings were established for special, so-called simple polytopes.
The authors develop elements of a general dilation theory for operator-valued measures. Hilbert space operator-valued measures are closely related to bounded linear maps on abelian von Neumann algebras, and some of their results include new dilation results for bounded linear maps that are not necessarily completely bounded, and from domain algebras that are not necessarily abelian. In the non-cb case the dilation space often needs to be a Banach space. They give applications to both the discrete and the continuous frame theory. There are natural associations between the theory of frames (including continuous frames and framings), the theory of operator-valued measures on sigma-algebras of sets, and the theory of continuous linear maps between -algebras. In this connection frame theory itself is identified with the special case in which the domain algebra for the maps is an abelian von Neumann algebra and the map is normal (i.e. ultraweakly, or weakly, or w*) continuous.
Spectral triples for nonunital algebras model locally compact spaces in noncommutative geometry. In the present text, the authors prove the local index formula for spectral triples over nonunital algebras, without the assumption of local units in our algebra. This formula has been successfully used to calculate index pairings in numerous noncommutative examples. The absence of any other effective method of investigating index problems in geometries that are genuinely noncommutative, particularly in the nonunital situation, was a primary motivation for this study and the authors illustrate this point with two examples in the text. In order to understand what is new in their approach in the commutative setting the authors prove an analogue of the Gromov-Lawson relative index formula (for Dirac type operators) for even dimensional manifolds with bounded geometry, without invoking compact supports. For odd dimensional manifolds their index formula appears to be completely new.
The classical Grothendieck inequality is viewed as a statement about representations of functions of two variables over discrete domains by integrals of two-fold products of functions of one variable. An analogous statement is proved, concerning continuous functions of two variables over general topological domains. The main result is the construction of a continuous map $\Phi$ from $l^2(A)$ into $L^2(\Omega_A, \mathbb{P}_A)$, where $A$ is a set, $\Omega_A = \{-1,1\}^A$, and $\mathbb{P}_A$ is the uniform probability measure on $\Omega_A$.
Let F be a non-Archimedean local field. Let \mathcal{W}_{F} be the Weil group of F and \mathcal{P}_{F} the wild inertia subgroup of \mathcal{W}_{F}. Let \widehat {\mathcal{W}}_{F} be the set of equivalence classes of irreducible smooth representations of \mathcal{W}_{F}. Let \mathcal{A}^{0}_{n}(F) denote the set of equivalence classes of irreducible cuspidal representations of \mathrm{GL}_{n}(F) and set \widehat {\mathrm{GL}}_{F} = \bigcup _{n\ge 1} \mathcal{A}^{0}_{n}(F). If \sigma \in \widehat {\mathcal{W}}_{F}, let ^{L}{\sigma }\in \widehat {\mathrm{GL}}_{F} be the cuspidal representation matched with \sigma by the Langlands Correspondence. If \sigma is totally wildly ramified, in that it...
Python Programming for Mathematics focuses on the practical use of the Python language in a range of different areas of mathematics. Through fifty-five exercises of increasing difficulty, the book provides an expansive overview of the power of using programming to solve complex mathematical problems. This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who already have learned the basics of Python programming and would like to learn how to apply that programming skill in mathematics. Features Innovative style that teaches programming skills via mathematical exercises. Ideal as a main textbook for Python for Mathematics courses, or as a supplementary resource for Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing courses.