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Dynamics of Solids and Liquids by Neutron Scattering
Inelastic neutron scattering is a well established and important technique for studying the dynamical properties of condensed matter at the atomic level. Often, as is the case of experiments designed to study motions of hydrogen atoms, or magnetic excitations, it may yield information obtainable in no other way. Our aim in assembling this book is to produce an overview of some research topics which have come to the fore recently with the development of high neutron fluxes and high performance inelastic scattering spectrometers. The topics dis cussed here are, by and large, developing rapidly and have not reached the stage at which definitive accounts are always possible. Authors have not the...
Reconstructive Phase Transitions
This book deals with the phenomenological theory of first-order structural phase transitions, with a special emphasis on reconstructive transformations in which a group-subgroup relationship between the symmetries of the phases is absent. It starts with a unified presentation of the current approach to first-order phase transitions, using the more recent results of the Landau theory of phase transitions and of the theory of singularities. A general theory of reconstructive phase transitions is then formulated, in which the structures surrounding a transition are expressed in terms of density-waves, providing a natural definition of the transition order-parameters, and a description of the corresponding phase diagrams and relevant physical properties. The applicability of the theory is illustrated by a large number of concrete examples pertaining to the various classes of reconstructive transitions: allotropic transformations of the elements, displacive and order-disorder transformations in metals, alloys and related structures, crystal-quasicrystal transformations.
Statics and Dynamics of Nonlinear Systems
The investigation of the properties of nonlinear systems is one of the fast deve loping areas of physics. In condensed matter physics this 'terra incognita' is approached from various starting points such as phase transitions and renormali zation group theory, nonlinear models, statistical mechanics and others. The study of the mutual interrelations of these disciplines is important in developing uni fying methods and models towards a better understanding of nonlinear systems. The present book collects the lectures and seminars delivered at the workshop on "Statics and Dynamics of Nonlinear Systems" held at the Centre for SCientific Culture "Ettore Majorana·" in Erice;· Italy, July 1 to 11...
Competing Interactions and Microstructures: Statics and Dynamics
Many macroscopic properties of materials are determined primarily by inhomogeneous structures and textures. These intermediate-scale structures often arise from competing interactions operating on different length scales within the material. Our understanding of such phenomena has increased substantially with the identification and theoretical description of solid-state materials with incommensurate and long-period modulated phases, such as ferroelectrics, charge-density-wave compounds, epitaxial layers and polytypes. Experimental diagnosis of inhomogeneous ground states and metastable phases has advanced so far that these are now well-accepted phenomena. These proceedings bring together the work of physicists and materials scientists to review developments in this area and to examine possible future directions, such as how the microscopic understanding emerging in bench-top solid-state systems can be applied in materials science.
Incommensurate Crystals, Liquid Crystals, and Quasi-Crystals
In this NATO-sponsored Advanced Research Workshop we succeeded in bringing together approximately forty scientists working in the three main areas of structurally incommensurate materials: incommensurate crystals (primarily ferroelectric insulators), incommensurate liquid crystals, and metallic quasi-crystals. Although these three classes of materials are quite distinct, the commonality of the physics of the origin and descrip tion of these incommensurate structures is striking and evident in these proceedings. A measure of the success of this conference was the degree to which interaction among the three subgroups occurred; this was facili tated by approximately equal amounts of theory and ...
Chemistry and Physics of One-Dimensional Metals
tailor-made molecules and indicated what kind of compounds could be prepared in the near future. In several evening and weekend sessions some participants presented summaries of their recent work and these and other new results were discussed. A draft of these discussions could not be added in printed form because of the 1 imitations set by the total page number of this volume, but to give at least an idea of the problems touched upon during these sessions, a 1 ist of the main contributors together with the title of the conribution discussed is given as an appendix. The reader might contact these authors directly if interested in special recent results. I hope that the participants have prof...
Electron-Phonon Interactions and Phase Transitions
This NATO Advanced Study Institute was the fourth in a series devoted to the subject of phase transitions and instabilities with particular attention to structural phase transforma~ions. Beginning wi th the first Geilo institute in 19'(1 we have seen the emphasis evolve from the simple quasiharmonic soft mode description within the Landau theory, through the unexpected spectral structure re presented by the "central peak" (1973), to such subjects as melting, turbulence and hydrodynamic instabilities (1975). Sophisticated theoretical techniques such as scaling laws and renormalization group theory developed over the same period have brought to this wide range of subjects a pleasing unity. The...
Comparative Evaluation of XML Information Retrieval Systems
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 5th International Workshop of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval, INEX 2006, held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in December 2006. The papers are organized in topical sections on methodology and seven additional tracks on ad-hoc, natural language processing, heterogeneous collection, multimedia, interactive, use case, as well as document mining.
XML Data Mining: Models, Methods, and Applications
The widespread use of XML in business and scientific databases has prompted the development of methodologies, techniques, and systems for effectively managing and analyzing XML data. This has increasingly attracted the attention of different research communities, including database, information retrieval, pattern recognition, and machine learning, from which several proposals have been offered to address problems in XML data management and knowledge discovery. XML Data Mining: Models, Methods, and Applications aims to collect knowledge from experts of database, information retrieval, machine learning, and knowledge management communities in developing models, methods, and systems for XML data mining. This book addresses key issues and challenges in XML data mining, offering insights into the various existing solutions and best practices for modeling, processing, analyzing XML data, and for evaluating performance of XML data mining algorithms and systems.
Quasicrystals - Proceedings Of The 5th International Conference
These proceedings cover topics related to Quasicrystals, including tiling descriptions, high dimensional crystallography, structure studies, metallurgy and phase diagrams, and also properties with special emphasis on dynamics, electronic and mechanical behaviour. For the first time, materials made of metals only that behave as insulators are presented. For the first time also application focused research and processing of Quasicrystalline materials are addressed.Invited speakers: J Friedel, D Shechtman, M Baake, D Basov, C Berger, M de Boissieu, T Fujiwara, S Khanna, Y Meyer, S J Poon, C Sire, H Trebin, A P Tsai, M Widdom, M Wollgarten, Z Zhang.
