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This book illustrates the history of Atomic Physics and shows how its most recent advances allow the possibility of performing precise measurements and achieving an accurate control on the atomic state. Written in an introductory style, this book is addressed to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to more experienced researchers who need to remain up-to-date with the most recent advances. The book focuses on experimental investigations, illustrating milestone experiments and key experimental techniques, and discusses the results and the challenges of contemporary research. Emphasis is put on the investigations of precision physics: from the determination of fundamental c...
Recent technological advances are significantly enhancing ones ability to image the interplay of neuronal activity, metabolism, and the associated vascular response with high spatial and temporal resolution. This Research Topic will cover these recent technological advances as well as the impact they have had on understanding the coupling of neuronal, metabolic, and vascular responses. We invite contributions to highlight new original research and to provide a forum for discussion of hot neurovascular topics. Potential contributions include, but are not limited by the following examples: - Development and application of novel optical technologies for imaging of neuronal, metabolic and vascul...
An explosion of new techniques with vastly improved visualization and sensitivity is leading a veritable revolution in modern neuroanatomy. Basic questions related to cell types, input localization, and connectivity are being re-visited and tackled with significantly more accurate and higher resolution experimental approaches. A major goal of this e-Book is thus to highlight in one place the impressive range of available techniques, even as these are fast becoming routine. This is not meant as a technical review, however, but rather will project the technical explosion as indicative of a field now in a vibrant state of renewal. Thus, contributions will be mainly research articles using the n...
Despite a number of books on biophotonics imaging for medical diagnostics and therapy, the field still lacks a comprehensive imaging book that describes state-of-the-art biophotonics imaging approaches intensively developed in recent years. Addressing this shortfall, Advanced Biophotonics: Tissue Optical Sectioning presents contemporary methods and
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has shown great promise for imaging live cells and tissues, with applications in basic science, medical research, and tissue engineering. Second Harmonic Generation Imaging offers a complete guide to this optical modality, from basic principles, instrumentation, methods, and image analysis to biomedical a
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Under normal, healthy conditions, the contraction of cardiac myocytes, leading to the pump function of this organ, is driven by calcium-dependent mechanisms. Entry of calcium into the myocyte during the cardiac action potential causes activation of the ryanodine receptors and release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This process termed calcium-induced calcium release is essential for excitation-contraction coupling and enables each action potential to be transduced into a mechanical event. Indeed, in healthy myocytes, the calcium concentration in the cytosol of is elevated approximately 10-fold from a resting level of ∼100 nM to ∼1 μM. This process is finely orchestrated by a...
This monograph focuses on modern femtosecond laser microscopes for two photon imaging and nanoprocessing, on laser tweezers for cell micromanipulation as well as on fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) in Life Sciences. The book starts with an introduction by Dr. Wolfgang Kaiser, pioneer of nonlinear optics and ends with the chapter on clinical multiphoton tomography, the novel high resolution imaging technique. It includes a foreword by the nonlinear microscopy expert Dr. Colin Sheppard. Contents Part I: Basics Brief history of fluorescence lifetime imaging The long journey to the laser and its use for nonlinear optics Advanced TCSPC-FLIM techniques Ultrafast lasers in biophotonics Part II:...
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