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Behçet's syndrome can reasonably be considered a unique entity among diseases of the immune system for several reasons: It has specific features and, uniquely among the immune system pathologies, represents a link between autoimmune diseases, systemic vasculitis, and autoinflammatory diseases. In addition, it is of interest to a variety of specialists, including immunologists, rheumatologists, dermatologists, and ophthalmologists, and requires a complex multidisciplinary approach. Many aspects need to be considered in a syndrome that presents a wide spectrum of symptoms and for which the therapeutic armamentarium is expanding significantly, with the development of new treatments, not least ...
The development of paediatric medicines can be challenging since this is a different patient population with specific needs. A medicine designed for use in paediatric patients must consider the following aspects: patient population variability; the need for dose flexibility; route of administration; patient compliance; excipient tolerability. For example, the toxicity of excipients may differ in children compared to adults and children have different taste preferences. Globally, about 75% of drugs do not carry regulatory approval for use in children; worldwide, many medications prescribed for the treatment of paediatric diseases are used off-label, and less than 20% of package inserts have sufficient information for treating children. This book provides an update on both state-of-the-art methodology and operational challenges in paediatric formulation design and development. It aims at re-evaluating what is needed for more progress in the design and development of age-appropriate treatments for paediatric diseases, focusing on: formulation development; drug delivery design; efficacy, safety, and tolerability of drugs and excipients.
This book presents detailed state of the art knowledge on the humoral primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), i.e., disorders arising from impaired antibody production due to defects intrinsic to B cells or defective interaction between B and T cells. There is extensive coverage of both basic science discoveries and the latest clinical advances in the field. The book is structured in accordance with the most recent classification of PIDs and also covers updates on the B cell immunological synapse. Readers will find comprehensive, in-depth descriptions of novel humoral PID genes and related clinical applications, mucosal B cells, and the various clinical phenotypes of humoral PIDs. Aspects such as differential diagnosis, clinical management in children and adults, and the role of vaccines are also addressed. The authors are all recognized experts from Europe, Australia, and the United States. Humoral Primary Immunodeficiencies will be of high value for immunologists, pediatricians, rheumatologists, oncologists, internists, and infectious disease specialists and will also be informative for MD and PhD students.
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are a growing group of rare disorders caused by dysregulation of the innate immune system leading to episodes of organ-specific and systemic inflammation. Autoinflammation as a distinct disease category was first reported in 1999 as a group of monogenic disorders with resultant activation of the inflammasome and cytokine excess, presenting as periodic fever and inflammation in serous membranes. Since this original description, the focus has shifted considerably to the inclusion of complex multifactorial conditions, and more than 30 associated genes have been identified. Disease severity varies from mild to life threatening. Advances in the understanding of the pathogenetic role of interleukin-1, have opened new promising horizons in the treatment of these patients, and significantly altered disease outcome.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are a large family of enzymes that function as signal transducers to regulate a diverse range of physiological responses. However, signaling via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK also underpin many disease processes. This Special Issue provides new insights into how MAPK signaling contributes to specific pathological processes across a range of conditions, including disorders of lung development, type 2 diabetes, proliferative skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases.
Translational Autoimmunity: Advances in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases, Volume Six addresses autoimmune diseases classified under the category of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases are heterogeneous groups of disorders in which inflammation affects not only joints, but also tendons, ligaments and bones. This updated release focuses on immunopathogenesis and clinical and laboratory details of rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis and Sjogren's syndrome, and will be of interest to researchers, students and clinicians interested in autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatic diseases. From an introduction to rheuma...
This book, part of the series Rare Diseases of the Immune System, offers comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the pathophysiology and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Immunologic and genetic aspects are discussed and the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for such phenomena as APS-mediated thrombosis and pregnancy loss/complications are explained. The main clinical manifestations, classification criteria and diagnostic tools are identified, and close attention is paid to the nature of the involvement of various organs or organ systems in APS. Specific chapters describe the treatment of the different symptoms, therapies of value in avoiding recurrences, and innovative treatment approaches. The authors are senior experts in the field who are aided by younger fellows, ensuring that the book is also educationally oriented. This handy volume will be a valuable tool for postgraduates in training and professionals wishing to extend their knowledge of this specific syndrome.