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When a family historian discovers a criminal way back in the family tree, he or she needs to know how to trace that person. David Hawkings here offers practical in-depth guidelines for researching these criminal ancestors, many of whom were "obliged" to steal for mere survival and suffered imprisonment for the most trivial offenses. His pioneering study includes surveys of material held by all County and Borough Record Offices, police archives, and other repositories, as well as numerous example cases and illustrations, appendices with source material, and a case history to show the extent to which one individual criminal can be researched. This unique and richly illustrated book provides the essential research and reference tool which no genealogist or family historian should be without.
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Modern criminal courts are characteristically the domain of lawyers, with trials conducted in an environment of formality and solemnity, where facts are found and legal rules are impartially applied to administer justice. Recent historical scholarship has shown that in England lawyers only began to appear in ordinary criminal trials during the eighteenth century, however, and earlier trials often took place in an atmosphere of noise and disorder, where the behaviour of the crowd - significant body language, meaningful looks, and audible comment - could influence decisively the decisions of jurors and judges. This collection of essays considers this transition from early scenes of popular par...