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Migration, Urbanization, and Development
Internal migration and urbanization are key dimensions of the process of socioeconomic development. The unprecedented movement of peoples within the borders of their own countries is one of the greatest transformations witnessed in the 20th century. Policy analysts, especially those from developing countries where internal migration can be felt at first hand, view migration as one of the most important factors affecting the course of development. It is within this context that UNFPA convened the Symposium on Internal Migration and Urbanization in Developing Countries in January 1996 in preparation for the United Nations World Conference on Human Settlements in Istanbul in June 1996. The final results of the symposium are found in this book. This volume provides a better understanding, at global level, of internal migration issues of concern to policy analysts.
Urban Segregation and Governance in the Americas
Residential segregation is a key issue for good governance in Latin American cities. The isolation of people of different social classes or ethnicities has potential political and social consequences, including differential access to and quality of education, health and other services. This volume uses the recent availability of geo-coded census data and techniques of spatial analysis to conduct the first detailed comparative examination of residential segregation in six major Latin American metropolises, with Austin, Texas, as a US comparison. It demonstrates the high degree of residential segregation of contemporary Latin American cities and discusses implications for the welfare of urban residents.
São Paulo in the Twenty-First Century
This book analyzes in detail the main social, economic and special transformation of the city of São Paulo. In the last 30 years, São Paulo has become a more heterogeneous and less unequal city. Contrary to some expectations, the recent economic transformations did not produce social polarization, and the localized processes of spaces production (and the plural is increasingly important) are more and more key to define their respective growth patterns, social conditions, forms of housing production, service availability and urban precariousness. In other dimensions, however, inequalities remain present and strong and certain disadvantaged areas have changed little and are still marked by s...
New Forms of Urbanization
There is increasing appreciation in the social sciences that context is an important element in understanding social, economic, cultural, political and demographic processes. An important element in context is the type of settlement in which people live and work and so, it is vital to be able to categorise people into particular settlements types. This book brings together a leading team of social scientists to present the latest information on urbanization around the world, highlighting examples of development patterns that are not adequately captured by the UN's type of reporting systems and drawing attention to other ways of representing current trends.
Social Change, Industrialization, and the Service Economy in São Paulo, 1950-2020
In the 1950s–80s, Brazil built one of the most advanced industrial networks among the "developing" countries, initially concentrated in the state of São Paulo. But from the 1980s, decentralization of industry spread to other states reducing São Paulo's relative importance in the country's industrial product. This volume draws on social, economic, and demographic data to document the accelerated industrialization of the state and its subsequent shift to a service economy amidst worsening social and economic inequality. Through its cultural institutions, universities, banking, and corporate sectors, the municipality of São Paulo would become a world metropolis. At the same time, given its rapid growth from 2 million to 12 million residents in this period, São Paulo dealt with problems of distribution, housing, and governance. This significant volume elucidates these and other trends during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, and will be an invaluable reference for scholars of history, policy, and the economy in Latin America.
Brazil, 1964-1985
"Detailed study of the political, economics, and social changes carried out by Brazil's twenty-year military regime, in the context of a South American era of military rule during the Cold War"--Jacket flap.
Paths of Inequality in Brazil
This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last few decades has brought a new phenomenon to renew researchers’ interest in the country. While the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from dif...
Human Resource Management and Public Sector Reforms
Afirma que as reformas do setor publico, nos anos 1980 e 1990, subestimaram a importancia da gestao de recursos humanos, na medida em que os reformistas enfatizavam a necessidade de reduzir o tamanho do aparato de Estado e travavam uma luta contra a burocracia estatal. Mostra que medidas de correcao estao sendo tomadas em varios paises para restaurar a relevancia da gestao de recursos humanos como uma politica publica. Relata que os governos perderam uma grande parte de sua habilidade de regular e de governar em razao dos efeitos combinados do "downsizing" e da negligencia com a funcao de recursos humanos. Relata que emerge uma nova tendencia a colocar as questoes de recursos numa posicao estrategica. Observa que para isso faz-se necessario buscar um equilibrio entre velhas e novas ideias. Entende que tal equilibrio pode ser encontrado por meio da gestao de recursos humanos, desde que essa seja aplicada como uma funcao politica capaz de mediar as prerrogativas da burocracia e os direitos dos cidadaos. (AU).
