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This book explores the concept of complementation in the adjectival domain of English grammar. Alternation between non-finite complements, especially to infinitives and gerundial complements, has been investigated intensively on the basis of large corpora in the last few years. With very few exceptions, however, such work has hitherto been based on univariate analysis methods. Using multivariate analysis, the authors present methodologically innovative case studies examining a large array of explanatory factors potentially impacting complement choice in cases of alternation. This approach yields more precise information on the impact of each factor on complement choice as well as on interactions between different explanatory factors. The book thus presents a methodologically new perspective on the study of the system of non-finite complementation in recent English and variation within that system, and will be relevant to academics and students with an interest in English grammar, predicate complementation, and statistical approaches to language.
Locating the subjunctive at the interface of mood and modality, this book presents a systematic description of the use of the English subjunctive in main clauses, noun clauses, relative clauses, and adverbial clauses. It explores the factors which governed its competition with other verbal expressions in texts ranging from the 9th to the beginning of the 18th century. Employing close reading alongside analysis of corpus data and the use of descriptive statistics, it offers new insights into the research landscape of English subjunctive use and into the fields of historical English linguistics and corpus linguistics.
Battles and Borders. Perspectives on Cultural Transmission and Literature in Minor Language Areas is about literature on the fringes of Europe. The authors all discuss the often unique ways in which literary history and cultural transfer function in peripheral and central regions against the background of shifting national borders in the last two centuries. Special attention is paid to minority and migrant groups in Northwest Europe. The present volume aims to prompt a reconsideration of the concepts of minority' and migrant' cultures and literatures in the past and the present day. It also suggests a new topic for further study: the importance of cultural transfer for migrant groups (whether or not they form a diaspora) and their ability to create new words and to develop new identities.
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The first textbook of its kind, Quantitative Corpus Linguistics with R demonstrates how to use the open source programming language R for corpus linguistic analyses. Computational and corpus linguists doing corpus work will find that R provides an enormous range of functions that currently require several programs to achieve – searching and processing corpora, arranging and outputting the results of corpus searches, statistical evaluation, and graphing.
Vaivaa vaatii voitto, ja me laulamme kuuroille korville - väsyneet hakevat riitaa. Kukaan ei kuitenkaan velvoita meitä mahdottomaan. Arpa kun on jo heitetty. Alea iacta est. En minä tietäni valinnut, tie valitsi minut. Kaikki tämä oli lausuttu jo kauan sitten latinaksi. Nyt oli tullut aika kertoa se myös oman uuden kielemme ja robotiikan, tekoälyn välinein - sanoin ja kuvin se avaten. Käynnistäen uusi aikamme, kirjoittaen samalla ikään kuin vaaran vuosistamme, sodasta kaikkia vastaan. Kertoa, kuinka tietä kulkeva tien on vanki, avoin on vain umpihanki. Tämän ajan käynnistyessä: Difficile est satiram non scribere. On vaikea kirjoittaa kirjoittamatta satiiria. Olen kuitenkin puhunut ja huojentanut mieleni: Dixi et animam levavi.
If one wants to begin to understand the GULAG, he would read anyone of at least 131 books such as; - My twenty-two prisons and My Escape from Solovetski, 1929, by Bezonov, Eliuriai Dimitrevich - Red Gaols, a Woman's Experiences in Russian Prisons, 1935, by author did not want to be identified. - Prisoner of the OGPU, 1935, by Kitechin, George. - An Account of the Construction of the New Canal between the White Sea and the Baltic Sea, 1935, by Maxim Gorky, and 30 writers. Many people refer to the book The Gulag Archipelago, 1974, by Solzenitsyn, I., as "the" book on the GULAG partly from his experience and research thereof. The author started with a simple expression written about John W. Adkins: "He left home at an early age, and never returned home age". There was literally no information about him. Most people, familiar with my work, have been totally amazed at the amount of the information, documents, obtained by the author from the archives on one individual. After many years of work, the author did not want to leave this material to just a research project sitting on the bookshelf.