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Takes readers through the events and personalities that have shaped India in the 60 years since 1947. This guide covers the decades in which the subcontinent saw the rise of democracy.
This handbook covers characteristics, processability and application areas of biodegradable polymers, with key polymer family groups discussed. It explores the role of biodegradable polymers in different waste management practices including anaerobic digestion, and considers topics such as the different types of biorefineries for renewable monomers used in producing the building blocks for biodegradable polymers.
Based on a fundamental understanding of the interaction between bacteria and nanomaterials, this book highlights the latest research on the antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials and provides an invaluable blueprint for improving the antimicrobial performance of devices and products. This book introduces the reader to the progress being made in the field, followed by an outline of applications in different areas. Various methods and techniques of synthesis and characterization are detailed. The content provides insight into the ongoing research, current trends, and technical challenges in this rapidly progressing field. Therefore, this book is highly suitable for materials scientists, engineers, biologists, and technologists.
Waste generation from industrial and domestic sectors is imposing a very challenging environment and the intervention of biotechnology offers a viable solution for their effective management. This book deals with the employment of biotechnological aspects for waste treatment including the basic concepts, biochemical processes, and various technologies for pollutant reduction and production of value-added products for a cleaner environment. It covers different aspects of biotechnology in the conservation of environment dealing with the sustainable management of waste through the concept of waste-to-economy along with the management of environmental pollutants and natural resource conservation...
Local knowledge worldwide is rapidly declining. Since local knowledge is passed from generation through oral tradition the chances of it being documented are low. Further to that, scientific knowledge sometimes cannot provide solutions to management and development problems. This book attempts to show that local knowledge and scientific knowledge have similarities in how they are obtained, however local knowledge has a further and more complex spiritual existence practised through cultural rituals or myths. Local knowledge has many applications in agriculture, water management, agroforestry and environmental management and when combined with science have greater uses to solve local problems at hand.
Knowledge of thermodynamics is a necessary tool for describing and understanding the physical behavior of new polymers and polymer blends, for instance, compatibility of components, rheological properties, morphological features, and mechanical properties. This book summarizes in a fairly comprehensive manner the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of thermodynamics, characterizations, and applications of polymer blends. In the first chapter, an overview of thermodynamic behaviors of non-equilibrium polymers is discussed. In the consecutive chapters, different properties of polymer blends are discussed, including surface tension, transition, crystallization, morphology, and...
This book comprehensively covers researches on enzymatic polymerization and related enzymatic approaches to produce well-defined polymers, which is valuable and promising for conducting green polymer chemistry. It consists of twelve chapters, including the following topics: The three classes of enzymes, oxidoreductases, transferases and hydrolases, have been employed as catalysts for enzymatic polymerization and modification; Well-defined polysaccharides are produced by enzymatic polymerization catalyzed by hydrolases and transferases; Hydrolase-catalyzed polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization are disclosed to produce a variety of polyesters; Polyesters are synthesized by in-vivo a...
This book includes 49 chapters presented as plenary , invited lectures and posters at the conference. Six plenary lectures have published in an issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 79, No. 12, 2007; the titles of these presentations are given as an Annex at the end of the book. I thank all contrib utors for the preparation of their presentations. It is sad to report that Professor Hitoshi Ohtaki, one of the founders of the Eurasia conferences and contributors passed away on November 5, 2006. Professor Ohtaki enthusiastically promoted international cooperation and took it upon himself to p- licize Japanese science to the wider world. His contribution in this book will serve as a memorabl...
Africa has an unenviable record of 100 military coups in the past five decades, and that may not be the last count. The military still holds power in Guinea and Mauritania, while their incursion saw the assassination of President Joao Bernardo Vieira of Guinea-Bissau in March 2009. Fifteen of the 53 African leaders came to power by the force of arm; 23 have been on the throne for more than 10 years. The undemocratic inheritance left behind by military dictators and authoritarian one-party, sit-tight presidents, remain major sources of armed conflicts and civil wars that have claimed well over 20 million lives. The continent has a deluge of 3 million refugees. Out of the 23.7 million IDPs wor...