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Quorum Systems
A quorum system is a collection of subsets of nodes, called quorums, with the property that each pair of quorums have a non-empty intersection. Quorum systems are the key mathematical abstraction for ensuring consistency in fault-tolerant and highly available distributed computing. Critical for many applications since the early days of distributed computing, quorum systems have evolved from simple majorities of a set of processes to complex hierarchical collections of sets, tailored for general adversarial structures. The initial non-empty intersection property has been refined many times to account for, e.g., stronger (Byzantine) adversarial model, latency considerations or better availability. This monograph is an overview of the evolution and refinement of quorum systems, with emphasis on their role in two fundamental applications: distributed read/write storage and consensus. Table of Contents: Introduction / Preliminaries / Classical Quorum Systems / Classical Quorum-Based Emulations / Byzantine Quorum Systems / Latency-efficient Quorum Systems / Probabilistic Quorum Systems
Impossibility Results for Distributed Computing
To understand the power of distributed systems, it is necessary to understand their inherent limitations: what problems cannot be solved in particular systems, or without sufficient resources (such as time or space). This book presents key techniques for proving such impossibility results and applies them to a variety of different problems in a variety of different system models. Insights gained from these results are highlighted, aspects of a problem that make it difficult are isolated, features of an architecture that make it inadequate for solving certain problems efficiently are identified, and different system models are compared.
Distributed Computing
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, DISC 2010, held in Cambridge, CT, USA, in September 2010. The 32 revised full papers, selected from 135 submissions, are presented together with 14 brief announcements of ongoing works; all of them were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers address all aspects of distributed computing, and were organized in topical sections on, transactions, shared memory services and concurrency, wireless networks, best student paper, consensus and leader election, mobile agents, computing in wireless and mobile networks, modeling issues and adversity, and self-stabilizing and graph algorithms.
Essentials of Blockchain Technology
Blockchain technologies, as an emerging distributed architecture and computing paradigm, have accelerated the development/application of the Cloud/GPU/Edge Computing, Artificial Intelligence, cyber physical systems, social networking, crowdsourcing and crowdsensing, 5G, trust management, and finance. The popularity and rapid development of Blockchain brings many technical and regulatory challenges for research and academic communities. This book will feature contributions from experts on topics related to performance, benchmarking, durability, robustness, as well data gathering and management, algorithms, analytics techniques for transactions processing, and implementation of applications.
Network Topology and Fault-Tolerant Consensus
As the structure of contemporary communication networks grows more complex, practical networked distributed systems become prone to component failures. Fault-tolerant consensus in message-passing systems allows participants in the system to agree on a common value despite the malfunction or misbehavior of some components. It is a task of fundamental importance for distributed computing, due to its numerous applications. We summarize studies on the topological conditions that determine the feasibility of consensus, mainly focusing on directed networks and the case of restricted topology knowledge at each participant. Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to fully characterize the un...
Distributed Graph Coloring
The focus of this monograph is on symmetry breaking problems in the message-passing model of distributed computing. In this model a communication network is represented by a n-vertex graph G = (V,E), whose vertices host autonomous processors. The processors communicate over the edges of G in discrete rounds. The goal is to devise algorithms that use as few rounds as possible. A typical symmetry-breaking problem is the problem of graph coloring. Denote by ? the maximum degree of G. While coloring G with ? + 1 colors is trivial in the centralized setting, the problem becomes much more challenging in the distributed one. One can also compromise on the number of colors, if this allows for more e...
Open Problems in Network Security
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the IFIP WG 11.4 International Workshop on Open Problems in Network Security, iNetSec 2015, held in Zurich, Switzerland, in October 2015. iNetSec is the main workshop of the IFIP working group WG 11.4; its objective is to present and discuss open problems and new research directions on all aspects related to network security. The 9 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 13 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: network security; intrusion detection; anonymous communication; and cryptography.
Bitcoin and Blockchain Security
There is a lot of buzz about Bitcoin and Blockchain lately, our expert authors will help to answer some imperative questions about the security involved in this new digital asset and ledger. This comprehensive new resource presents a thorough overview and analysis of the security and privacy provisions of Bitcoin and its underlying blockchain clients. This book goes beyond the analysis of reported vulnerabilities of Bitcoin, evaluating a number of countermeasures to deter threats on the system. Readers are given concrete solutions and recommendations on the best practices to use when relying on Bitcoin as a payment method. This resource provides a clear explanation of assumptions governing the security of Bitcoin, including the scalability measures adopted in Bitcoin, privacy for clients, and the proper means of securing Bitcoin wallets. Readers learn how the security and privacy provisions of other blockchain technologies compare to Bitcoin and the security lessons learned after extensive research of Bitcoin since the inception of the currency.
3rd URV Doctoral Workshop in Computer Science and Mathematics
This proceeding book contains the contributions presented at the 3rd URV Doctoral workshop in Computer Science and Mathematics, held in November 2016. The main aim of this workshop is to promote the dissemination of the ideas, methods and results that are developed by the students of our PhD program.
Consistent Distributed Storage
Providing a shared memory abstraction in distributed systems is a powerful tool that can simplify the design and implementation of software systems for networked platforms. This enables the system designers to work with abstract readable and writable objects without the need to deal with the complexity and dynamism of the underlying platform. The key property of shared memory implementations is the consistency guarantee that it provides under concurrent access to the shared objects. The most intuitive memory consistency model is atomicity because of its equivalence with a memory system where accesses occur serially, one at a time. Emulations of shared atomic memory in distributed systems is an active area of research and development. The problem proves to be challenging, and especially so in distributed message passing settings with unreliable components, as is often the case in networked systems. We present several approaches to implementing shared memory services with the help of replication on top of message-passing distributed platforms subject to a variety of perturbations in the computing medium.
