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Although all living beings modify their environment, human beings have acquired the ability to do so on a superlative space-time scale. As a result of industrialization and the use of new technologies, the anthropogenic impact has been increasing in the last centuries, causing reductions in the sizes or the extinction of numerous wild populations. In this sense, from the field of conservation genetics, various efforts have been made in recent decades to provide new knowledge that contributes to the conservation of populations, species, and habitats. In this book, we summarize the concrete contributions of researchers to the conservation of the Neotropical mammals using Molecular Ecology techniques. The book is divided into three major sections. The first section provides an up-to-date review of the conservation status of Neotropical mammals, the applications of the molecular markers in its conservation, and the use of non-invasive and forensic genetic techniques. The second and third sections present, respectively, a series of case studies in various species or taxonomic groups of Neotropical mammals.
Authored by a unique combination of university academics and heritage professionals, this book offers new perspectives on journeys made by Henry VIII and other monarchs, their political and social impact and the logistics required in undertaking such trips. It explores the performance of kingship and queenship by itinerant monarchs, investigating how, by a variety of means, they engaged and interacted with their subjects, and the practical and symbolic functions associated with these activities. Moving beyond the purely English experience, it provides a European dimension by comparing progresses in England and France. Royal marriage and the royal progress share common features which are cons...
Of all the different areas in computational chemistry, density functional theory (DFT) enjoys the most rapid development. Even at the level of the local density approximation (LDA), which is computationally less demanding, DFT can usually provide better answers than Hartree-Fock formalism for large systems such as clusters and solids. For atoms and molecules, the results from DFT often rival those obtained by ab initio quantum chemistry, partly because larger basis sets can be used. Such encouraging results have in turn stimulated workers to further investigate the formal theory as well as the computational methodology of DFT.This Part II expands on the methodology and applications of DFT. Some of the chapters report on the latest developments (since the publication of Part I in 1995), while others extend the applications to wider range of molecules and their environments. Together, this and other recent review volumes on DFT show that DFT provides an efficient and accurate alternative to traditional quantum chemical methods. Such demonstration should hopefully stimulate frutiful developments in formal theory, better exchange-correlation functionals, and linear scaling methodology.
Tendo em vista a necessidade de se aprofundar, no Brasil, o estudo teórico da "Avosidade" sob uma abordagem multidisciplinar, buscou-se nesta obra agregar temas relacionados à velhice, à saúde, à ancestralidade, à convivência intergeracional, inclusive à arquitetura, entre os povos indígenas, aos direitos e deveres dos avós, aos alimentos avoengos, à socioafetividade, à multiparentalidade, à gravidez infanto-juvenil, à guarda compartilhada com os avós e à responsabilidade civil em relação aos avós. Com efeito, diante do acelerado processo de envelhecimento da população brasileira, efetivas políticas sociais devem garantir a convivência interfamiliar com os idosos, visa...
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Este livro é uma contribuição à história da urbanização da cidade de São Paulo, por meio da atuação dos setores médios que promoviam construções. Assim, podemos apreciar que a expansão da cidade no fim do século XIX e início do XX contou não só com o poder público e a iniciativa privada dos grandes capitalistas, mas também com a participação de pessoas imbuídas de espírito empreendedor. Desvendando o cotidiano dessa "gente comum" como promotores de construções, adensando a cidade rumo ao vetor sul, observa-se suas sociabilidades e estratégias de sobrevivência, conformando o bairro paulistano de Vila Mariana.
Continuing the work it began in Hotspots, Conservation International identifies thirty-seven vital wilderness areas around the world, including tropical rainforests, arctic tundra, deserts, and wetlands, using more than five hundred stunning color photographs to illuminate the rich diversity of each region.
This book brings together a set of approaches to the study of individual-species ecology based on the analysis of spatial variations of abundance. Distribution ecology assumes that ecological phenomena can be understood when analyzing the extrinsic (environmental) or intrinsic (physiological constraints, population mechanisms) that correlate with this spatial variation. Ecological processes depend on geographical scales, so their analysis requires following environmental heterogeneity. At small scales, the effects of biotic factors of ecosystems are strong, while at large scales, abiotic factors such as climate, govern ecological functioning. Responses of organisms also depend on scales: at small scales, adaptations dominate, i.e. the ability of organisms to respond adaptively using habitat decision rules that maximize their fitness; at large scales, limiting traits dominate, i.e., tolerance ranges to environmental conditions.