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Economic Aspects of Obesity
In the past three decades, the number of obese adults in the US has doubled and the number of obese children almost tripled. This text provides a strong foundation for evaluating the costs and benefits of various proposals designed to control obesity rates.
Strengthening coherence between social protection and productive interventions – The case of Lesotho
Social protection has been recognized as a key strategy to address poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion in Lesotho. As a result, the Government, with support from UNICEF and the European Union, developed the Child Grants Programme (CGP), which provides unconditional cash transfers to poor and vulnerable households registered in the National Information System for Social Assistance (NISSA). The quantitative impact evaluation presented in this report seeks to document the welfare and economic impacts of CGP and SPRINGS on direct beneficiaries and assess whether combining the cash transfers with a package of rural development interventions can create positive synergies at both individual and household level, especially in relation to income generating activities and nutrition. This paper is being published in the context of a partnership between FAO, IFAD and the Universidad de los Andes (UNIANDES) and its Centro de Estudios en Desarrollo Económico (CEDE) based in Bogotá, Colombia.
The impacts of COVID-19 and policy responses in rural economies
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and government policies to limit its spread are multi-faceted and complex. Market linkages transmit these impacts through economies, from directly affected actors to others in both the urban and rural spheres. Economic contexts, including the structure of local economies, shape the transmission of impacts on rural men and women. Because of this, the pandemic, lockdowns, and mitigation policies influence outcomes in complex ways. In most cases, the magnitudes and even the signs of impacts cannot be determined ex ante. In this study, we use multiple local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) models to estimate the impacts of the pandemic and lockdowns on rural producers and households in a diversity of economic and agro-climatic settings, using simulation methods. We also examine the likely effects of alternative migitation measures.
Productive impacts of improved service access and livelihood support in Ethiopia
The Integrated Nutrition Social Cash Transfer (IN-SCT) pilot project was embedded within Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme phase 4 (PSNP4). The PSNP4 programme supports food insecure households through two components: a cash transfer component that requires the recipient to participate in public work activities or to comply with soft conditionalities on access to social and health services; and a livelihood support component. This evaluation report presents the impacts of PSNP/IN-SCT on productive outcomes ranging from crop and livestock production to labour supply, non-farm businesses, use of inputs and the like. The report is part of a wider evaluation study that brings together...
Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance
Corporate social responsibility is examined in this book as multi-stakeholder approach to corporate governance. This volume outlines neo-institutional and stakeholder theories of the firm, new rational choice and social contract normative models, self regulatory and soft law models, and the advances from behavioural economics.
Local economy-wide impact evaluation of Lesotho’s Child Grants Programme and Sustainable Poverty Reduction through Income, Nutrition and Access to Government Services Project
This report presents findings from a study of the local-economy impacts of one of Lesotho’s largest social programmes, the Child Grants Programme (CGP), and a rural development intervention, the Sustainable Poverty Reduction through Income, Nutrition and Access to Government Services (SPRINGS) programme. The CGP provides cash transfers to eligible poor households, while SPRINGS was a multi-faceted productive intervention targeting areas reached by the CGP, that provided support in various forms. The study is part of a larger project - a partnership between FAO, IFAD and the Universidad de los Andes (UNIANDES) and its Centro de Estudios en Desarrollo Económico (CEDE) - that seeks to identify factors that lead to better articulation between social protection interventions and rural productive inclusion strategies.
Urban Expansion and Food Security in New Zealand
This book examines suburban development in New Zealand and its conflict with and impact on local horticulture and food security. Drawing on an ethnographic study of Auckland’s rapidly expanding urban periphery, combined with comparative case studies from California in the USA and Victoria in Australia, the book examines how the profit-making strategies of property developers and landowners drastically reshapes work and life at the edge of cities. With a significant portion of the world's croplands lying adjacent to cities, the accelerating pace of urban sprawl across the planet places unprecedented pressure on the productivity and even existence of these vital food bowl regions. The book e...
Ageing in Europe - Supporting Policies for an Inclusive Society
SHARE is an international survey designed to answer the societal challenges that face us due to rapid population ageing. How do we Europeans age? How will we do economically, socially and healthwise? How are these domains interrelated? The authors of this multidisciplinary book have taken a further big step towards answering these questions based on the recent SHARE data in order to support policies for an inclusive society.
Critical Mapping for Sustainable Food Design
This book introduces critical mapping as a problematizing, reflective approach for analyzing systemic societal problems like food, scoping out existing solutions, and finding opportunities for sustainable design intervention. This book puts forth a framework entitled "wicked solutions" that can be applied to determine issues that designers should address to make real differences in the world and yield sustainable change. The book assesses the current role of design in attaining food security in a sustainable, equitable, and just manner. Accomplishing this goal is not simple; if it was, it would not be called a wicked problem. But this book shows how a particular repertoire of design tools ca...
