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Since their recent dispersion from the former Soviet Union, Russian-speaking Jews (RSJ) have become the vast majority of Germany’s longstanding Jewry. An entity marked by permeable boundaries, they show a solidarity and commitment to world Jewry, including Israel, but feeble identification with their hosts. The identification with the larger Jewish community leads to a wide consensus concerning the importance of offering Jewish education to the young. The study presented here explores the influence of the RSJ community, their relationship with German speaking Jews, and the ways in which the RSJ identification with world Jewry influences Jewish education opportunities for the young. Utilizing surveys of the largest Jewish communities in Germany, interviews of leading public figures, and a comprehensive overview of the Jewish educational framework available in Germany, this book seeks to present a description and analysis of the Jewish population in Germany including its attitudes, activities, expectations, and identify formulations.
The sharia is a set of traditional laws that define a Muslim's obligations to God and his fellow human beings. Westerners often misunderstand the nature of the sharia, born as it is of a complicated legal and academic tradition that may not always seem relevant to today's world. Written for those unfamiliar with Islam, this volume provides an accurate and objective assessment of the sharia's achievements, shortcomings and future prospects. It explores the fundamentals of Islam and traditional sharia laws. In addition, the sharia is discussed with respect to Ottoman law, puritanism and jihad. The sharia's relevance to today's world events is also explored. Among items provided in appendices are a commentary on a Western translation of the concept of jihad and an analysis of the sharia in 29 selected countries.
Artificial intelligence has been utilized in a diverse range of industries as more people and businesses discover its many uses and applications. A current field of study that requires more attention, as there is much opportunity for improvement, is the use of artificial intelligence within literary works and social media analysis. The Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Literary Works and Social Media presents contemporary developments in the adoption of artificial intelligence in textual analysis of literary works and social media and introduces current approaches, techniques, and practices in data science that are implemented to scrap and analyze text data. This book initiates a new multidisciplinary field that is the combination of artificial intelligence, data science, social science, literature, and social media study. Covering key topics such as opinion mining, sentiment analysis, and machine learning, this reference work is ideal for computer scientists, industry professionals, researchers, scholars, practitioners, academicians, instructors, and students.
This concise study argues there is a qualitative difference between Arabic literature, Arabic literature translated into English, and a literature conceived and executed in English by writers of an Arab background. It examines the corpus of a group of contemporary Arab writers who incorporate Arab subjects and themes into the English language.
Opinion mining and text analytics are used widely across numerous disciplines and fields in today’s society to provide insight into people’s thoughts, feelings, and stances. This data is incredibly valuable and can be utilized for a range of purposes. As such, an in-depth look into how opinion mining and text analytics correlate with social media and literature is necessary to better understand audiences. The Handbook of Research on Opinion Mining and Text Analytics on Literary Works and Social Media introduces the use of artificial intelligence and big data analytics applied to opinion mining and text analytics on literary works and social media. It also focuses on theories, methods, and approaches in which data analysis techniques can be used to analyze data to provide a meaningful pattern. Covering a wide range of topics such as sentiment analysis and stance detection, this publication is ideal for lecturers, researchers, academicians, practitioners, and students.
The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS) is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world: anthropology, economics, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam. Submissions are subject to a blind peer review process.
The university is indigenous to Western Europe and is probably the greatest and most enduring achievement of the Middle Ages. Much more than stodgy institutions of learning, medieval universities were exciting arenas of people and ideas. They contributed greatly to the economic vitality of their host cities and served as birthplaces for some of the era's most effective minds, laws and discoveries. This survey traces the growth of the largest medieval universities of Bologna, Paris, and Oxford, along with the universities of Cambridge, Padua, Naples, Montpellier, Toulouse, Orleans, Angers, Prague, Vienna and Glasgow. Covering the years 1179-1499, this work discusses common traits of medieval universities, their major figures, and their roles in medieval life.
Fish Pathology is the definitive, classic and essential book on the subject, providing in-depth coverage across all major aspects of fish pathology. This new, fully updated and expanded fourth edition builds upon the success of the previous editions which have made Fish Pathology the best known and most respected book in the field, worldwide.Commencing with a chapter covering the aquatic environment, the book provides comprehensive details of the anatomy and physiology of teleosts, pathophysiology and sytematic physiology, immunology, neoplasia, virology, parasitology, bacteriology, mycology, nutritional pathology and other non-infectious diseases. A final chapter provides extremely useful d...