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In the 19th century, Joseph Lister related the germ theory of fermentation to the cause of putrefaction in wounds. Listerism was adopted because its success was greater and more consistent than other methods of healing the sick. The circumstances which made this possible were a theory for explaining the scientific evidence, and a courageous person like Joseph Lister who was capable of bringing about the necessary changes. This study records how with much pain and trial and error the prevention of nosocomial infections was achieved in the 19th century. Today, we have learned we must implement again Lister's prevention techniques and other precautions in our hospitals to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections. Illus.
Ignored in Britain and forgotten for generations in Japan, Henry Dyer (1848-1918), engineer, educationalist and author of two major works on Japan as well as dozens of papers and pamphlets and other works, has been the subject of ongoing research by Nobuhiro Miyoshi (Hiroshima University) for over thirty years, culminating in this updated and expanded version of his original 1989 biography, Dyer no Nippon. At the age of 24, even before he had taken his final exams at Glasgow University, Henry Dyer was appointed principal of Japan’s new Imperial College of Engineering (ICE), with a remit to set up a world-class engineering institution that would deliver the engineers with the technical know...
Driven by the need to identify, classify and assess western technology and culture together with a desire to advance a dialogue for reviewing the so-called 'unequal treaties' - the new Meiji government of 1868 despatched a top-level ministerial team to the west which, in 1872, arrived in the United States. In all, they spent 205 days in America, 122 days in Britain and two months in France, as well as visiting other countries including Belgium, Germany, Russia, Sweden and Italy. Drawing on the papers given at the triennial conference of the European Association of Japanese Studies, held in Budapest in August 1997 (the year also marking the 125th anniversary of Iwakura's arrival), this volume presents a valuable new overview of the mission as a whole, with the significance and impact of the visit to each country being separately assessed. A supplement to the book looks at several 'post-Iwakura' topics, including a review of the mission's chief chronicler, Kume Kunitake.
This is the first practical guide to cover the various stages of a history research project, from the selection of the topic and the organization and interpretation of source material, through to the completion of the written-up record.Whether it is for a dissertation, thesis article or, indeed, full-length book, Historical Research deals with the purpose of research, and the implications, limitations and benefits of different research methods, as well as the effective presentation of the finished result.
Volume III deals with the 'long twentieth century'. Its main themes are: * the contraction of British industrial power and the shift to a service-based economy * the decline of Victorianism and the rise of Modernism * the climax of class society between the wars and the blurring of class lines after the 1960s * the impact of two world wars * the decline of British power and the empire * the partition of Ireland * the devolution of power to Wales and Scotland.
"Glen Scorgie's pioneer study of Orr as a theologian is a work long overdue. Scorgie's fascinating narrative makes plain the real distinction of Orr's mind. The present-day resurgence of the convictions that Orr championed suggests that in calling for continuity and combating theological novelty Orr had found the way of wisdom. . . . This book rehabilitates the doughty Glasgow professor as a thinker still to be reckoned with by those who care for Christian truth." -- J. I . Packer Regent College
Jacob Henry Schiff (1847–1920), a German-born American Jewish banker, facilitated critical loans for Japan in the early twentieth century. Working on behalf of the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., Schiff’s assertiveness in favour of Japan separated him from his fellow German Jewish financiers and the banking establishment generally. This book’s analysis differs from the consensus that Schiff funded Japan largely out of enmity towards Russia but rather sought to work with Japan for over thirty years. This was as much a factor in his actions surrounding the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) as his concern to thwart Russian antisemitism. Of interest to financial historians alongside Japanese historians and academics of both genres, this book provides a lively and thoroughly researched volume that precisely focuses on Schiff’s mastery of banking.
In the second half of the nineteenth century Scottish Baptists like other Evangelical Protestant denominations were focusing more on things they had in common, such as a commitment to home evangelization and church-planting; providing a common fund to assist small and struggling congregations; the provision of theological education for the training of prospective pastors, together with the need to disseminate information between the churches concerning their progress in the work of the gospel. From the start of this Baptist Union in 1869 the numbers of churches and members grew steadily until 1935. It was a remarkable story of dedicated Christian service. Scottish Baptists came through two w...
How much independence can a small country like Scotland have? Lindsay Paterson argues that throughout the last 300 years the nature of Scottish independence has changed frequently. While nationalists have successfully challenged old forms of autonomy, pragmatic unionists have influenced the outcome of these protests, negotiating workable compromises with England and the wider world.
Draws on a range of empirical studies of aspects of the history of voluntary action. This title includes chapters that range across two centuries and a variety of fields of activity, geographical areas and organisational forms.