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Elasticity is the ability of a material body to return to its original shape and size after the removal of a deforming force. The performance of materials can be defined according to their physical characteristics: stiffness, strength, hardness, ductility, and toughness. The elasticity of materials can be predicted by computational simulations and/or measured in laboratory experiments. This book is divided into two sections: “Simulations and Modeling” and “Characterization”. In particular, seven relevant topics and their applications are considered: theory, simulation, characterization, composites, single crystals, nanoindentation, and dielectric elastomers. Examples are provided of the elasticity of materials including composites, single crystals, auxetics, and dielectric elastomers. The book provides important practical skills and will be useful for postgraduate and higher-level science and engineering students.
Thermosoftening Plastics are polymers that can be manipulated into different shapes when they are hot, and the shape sets when it cools. If we were to reheat the polymer again, we could re-shape it once again. Modern thermosoftening plastics soften at temperatures anywhere between 65 oC and 200 oC. In this state, they can be moulded in a number of ways. They differ from thermoset plastics in that they can be returned to this plastic state by reheating. They are then fully recyclable because thermosoftening plastics do not have covalent bonds between neighbouring polymer molecules. Methods of shaping the softened plastic include: injection moulding, rotational moulding, extrusion, vacuum forming, and compression moulding. The scope of this book covers three areas of thermosoftening plastics, thermoplastic materials, and their characterization. The following tests are covered in the book: thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry, heat deflection temperature test), optical properties tests (fluorescence spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy), and mechanical properties tests (thermogravimetry, rheometry, short term tensile test).
The Advanced Study Institute (AS!) considered a number offacets of the very rapidly advancing field of theoretical and experimental aspects of ultrashort processes in condensed matter. Common threads exist between a series of example cases. One major subgroup of topics involves the ultrashort dynamics of excitations of various "particles" produced through the interactions of condensed matter with ultrashort duration laser light. Examples ofthe excitations include electronic and hole carriers, electron-hole plasma, phonons, vibrons and rotons, two phonon states, and excitons. Experimentation on the dynamics of such excitations, are carried out in the bulk, at surfaces, in thin films, and in q...
The fourth volume in a series of handbooks on graphene research and applications The Handbook of Graphene, Volume 4: Composites looks at composite materials exclusively. Topics covered include graphene composites and graphene-reinforced advanced composite materials. The following graphene-based subjects are discussed: ceramic composites; composite nanostructures; composites with shape memory effect; and scroll structures. Chapters also address: the fabrication and properties of copper graphene composites; graphene metal oxide composite as an anode material in li-ion batteries; supramolecular graphene-based systems for drug delivery; and other graphene-related areas of interest to scientists and researchers.
This comprehensive reference collects fundamental theories and recent research from a wide range of fields including biology, biochemistry, physics, applied mathematics, and computer, materials, surface, and colloid science-providing key references, tools, and analytical techniques for practical applications in industrial, agricultural, and forensic processes, as well as in the production of natural and synthetic compounds such as foods, minerals, paints, proteins, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and soaps.
Handbook of Modern Coating Technologies: Advanced Characterization Methods reviews advanced characterization methods of modern coating technologies. The topics in this volume consist of scanning vibrating electrode technique, spectroscopic ellipsometry, advances in X-ray diffraction, neutron reflectivity, micro- and nanoprobes, fluorescence technique, stress measurement methods in thin films, micropotentiometry, and localized corrosion studies.
This book shows the recent advances of the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in particular, the polymer functionalized carbon nanotubes. It also includes a comprehensive description of carbon nanotubes' preparation, properties, and characterization. Therefore, we have attempted to provide detailed information about the polymer-carbon nanotube composites. With regard to the unique structure and properties of carbon nanotubes, a series of important findings have been reported. The unique properties of carbon nanotubes, including thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, after polymer functionalization have been documented in detail. This book comprises 18 chapters. The chapters include different applications of polymer functionalization CNTs, e.g. photovoltaic, biomedical, drug delivery, gene delivery, stem cell therapy, thermal therapy, biological detection and imaging, electroanalytical, energy, supercapacitor, and gas sensor applications.
Dedicated to Dr. Alain Guyot who played an important role in setting up and the development of Polymer Science in Lyon, and on the occasion of his formal retirement, the 4th International Symposium "Polymers in Dispersed Media" took place in April 1999 in Lyon, France. The present two volumes of Macromolecular Symposia contain 83 invited and contributed papers which are classified according to the three main topics of the symposium. Articles in volume 150 deal with "Polymerization in Dispersed Media", whereas volume 151 comprises contributions to "Non-Conventional Dispersion of Polymers", as well as "Properties and Applications of Dispersed Media".