You may have to register before you can download all our books and magazines, click the sign up button below to create a free account.
Political stability is the main factor affecting the economic performance of a country and political stability is positively associated with sustainable economic development. As concepts such as democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, which express political stability, come to the fore, the economic attractiveness of countries increases. However, economic problems arise in the opposite situation where unemployment rates rise, income distribution is unfair, the public sector's budget deficit increases, and the level of indebtedness is unsustainable. The problems experienced in Iraq, especially in the post-2003 period, also developed within this vicious circle. The war, conflicts, riots,...
The highlight on the economic agenda of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's visit to Iraq on April 22, 2024, was the signing of a quadrilateral MOU between Iraq, Türkiye, Qatar, and the UAE for cooperation in the 'Development Road' and 'Grand Faw Port' projects. The MOU entails the signing countries committing to establishing the necessary frameworks to implement both projects. The Grand Faw Port and the Development Road are interconnected projects with intertwined destinies. The economic feasibility of each project depends entirely on the completion of the other. It is planned that these two projects will be the main elements of a new corridor for global trade and economy, connecting ...
Relations between Egypt and Turkey have always progressed on a sustainable trajectory since the establishment of ties in 1925, despite ups and downs during specific periods. The deterioration in bilateral relations that began with the military coup in Egypt in 2013 and the years-long diplomatic stalemate show signs of softening. In 2020, there were several occasions where Turkish and Egyptian officials announced that formal closed-door meetings were being held between the diplomatic and intelligence officials of the two countries. That is still the case in 2021 as well, as it became official with the departure of a diplomatic delegation from Turkey to Egypt on May 5-6, after negotiations wer...
Başkan Joe Biden döneminde ABD'nin Irak’a yönelik politikalarını izleyen gözlemciler, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin doğasında yeni dinamikler olduğunu fark etmektedir. Bu, özellikle Haziran 2022'de göreve başlayan ABD'nin yeni büyükelçisi Alina Romanowski'nin Bağdat'taki görevine atanması sonrasında daha da belirgin hâle gelmiştir. Romanowski, onlarca yıl boyunca ABD’nin istihbarat, terörle mücadele, savunma ve dışişleri alanlarında çalışarak Ortadoğu meseleleriyle yakından ilgilenmesinin ardından bu göreve atanmıştır. Romanowski şu anda, ABD’nin Bağdat'taki diplomatik faaliyetlerini önemli ölçüde yönetmektedir. Nitekim Romanowski, mevc...
Türkiye's policy towards Somalia specifically, and Africa and the Red Sea region in general, historically has had strong ties with the countries of the region. However, the process of relations during the early Republic era was fraught with numerous opportunities and challenges. This is also true for the "Defence and Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement" approved last month by the Somali Cabinet. As a NATO member, the Republic of Türkiye, especially since 1991, and more intensively with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's visit to Mogadishu in 2011 along with his family during his prime ministership, deepened its relations with Somalia in diplomatic, security, economic, and socio-cultura...
The relations between Türkiye and Iraq have always been of imperative importance to both countries, neither of which can afford to neglect or insufficiently care about it. For Türkiye, there are three main motivations for paying attention to and interacting with developments in Iraq. Firstly, there are historical and geographical considerations. Turks and Iraqis have lived together within the framework of one state for nearly a thousand years (the Seljuk Empire, the Ottoman Empire), and they are now neighboring countries with 378 kilometers of shared borders. This heritage is supposed to lay the groundwork for distinguished cooperative paths in their relations. The second motivation is the...
The Iraq region has witnessed many conflicts and turmoil with the US invasion in 2003. After 2003, many non-state actors other than the legitimate government have emerged and increased their activities in Iraq. The US, which has withdrawn most of its troops from the region, is negotiating the future of its remaining elements with Iraq as of 2021. The future of the US elements in Iraq will be determined not only by the negotiations between the states but also by the state of play in Iraq. The Hashd al-Shaabi, which was established after 2014 with the fatwa of the Shiite authority Sistani, to fight against the terrorist organization ISIS, plays an important role in the US-Iraq relations as it ...
Israeli politics has been undergoing significant difficulties for more than two years. The Israelis went to the polls on March 23, 2021 for the fourth early elections in the last two years. The previous elections were postponed due to the problems experienced in forming a government under the leadership of Netanyahu and were held on 9 April 2019, 17 September 2019 and 2 March 2020. This situation is related to the structure of the Israeli electoral system and its electorate profile, as well as to the policies implemented by the Netanyahu government. The election of Likud Party leader Benjamin Netanyahu as the country’s prime minister in 2009 was one of the important turning points in the I...
Today, the global security agenda is concentrated on countries such as Afghanistan, Syria and Iraq, especially within the context of non-state actors. This is also the case for some countries in the African region. Particularly, the developments in the region called the Sahel and the impact of global actors are worthy of attention. From a historical point of view, the environment of insecurity spreading from North Africa to Sub-Saharan countries has created a struggle for influence over countries such as Mauritania, Mali, Chad and Niger, in which actors such as the US, France, Russia and China are directly or indirectly involved. Terrorist activities in the Sahel belt, which includes nine co...
In the aftermath of the Great Recession in 2008-09, the European economies were dramatically affected. The UK (United Kingdom) economy could not completely recover, and loss of employment soared. The unemployment rate increased from 5.26 percent in 2007 to around 8.04 in 2011, which is a remarkable change for a developed economy like the UK. Afterward, British citizens started to accuse migrant workers from the EU countries of stealing their jobs. At this point, it should be noted that, in the 2010s, an annual average of more than 100 thousand EU citizens migrated to the UK for work. Along with these developments, in 2013, David Cameron—the Conservative Prime Minister of the coalition gove...