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Occupied
For most of the population of Europe and East and Southeast Asia, the most persistent and significant aspect of their experience of the Second World War was that of occupation by one or more of the Axis powers. In this ambitious and wide-ranging study, Aviel Roshwald brings us the first single-authored, comparative treatment of European and Asian responses to German and Japanese occupation during the war. He illustrates how patriotic, ethno-national, and internationalist identities were manipulated, exploited, reconstructed and reinvented as a result of the wholesale dismantling of states and redrawing of borders. Using eleven case studies from across the two continents, he examines how behavioral choices around collaboration and resistance were conditioned by existing identities or loyalties as well as by short-term cost–benefit calculations, opportunism, or coercion.
A Marketplace Without Jews
This book examines the economics of everyday life and the Final Solution in Southeastern Europe, specifically the role that the mass confiscation of Jewish property and exclusion of Jews as well as other undesired population groups from the national marketplace in Southeastern Europe played in transforming economic life and social relations. It aims to understand how ordinary people in the region responded as beneficiaries, bystanders, perpetrators, rescuers, and, above all, victims to Aryanization, and how regimes and governments adapted its basic principles to their specific national contexts and ideological and ethnic agendas. Aryanization appeared in some of its most radical, accelerated...
Conservatives and Right Radicals in Interwar Europe
This book features a broad range of thematic and national case studies which explore the interrelations and confrontations between conservatives and the radical Right in the European and global contexts of the interwar years. It investigates the political, social, cultural, and economic issues that conservatives and radicals tried to address and solve in the aftermaths of the Great War. Conservative forces ended up prevailing over far-right forces in the 1920s, with the notable exception of the Fascist regime in Italy. But over the course of the 1930s, and the ascent of the Nazi regime in Germany, political radicalisation triggered both competition and hybridisation between conservative and right-wing radical forces, with increased power for far-right and fascist movements. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics, history, fascism, and Nazism.
Interwar East Central Europe, 1918-1941
This monograph focuses on the challenges that interwar regimes faced and how they coped with them in the aftermath of World War One, focusing especially on the failure to establish and stabilize democratic regimes, as well as on the fate of ethnic and religious minorities. Topics explored include the political systems and how they changed during the two decades under review, land reform, Church–state relations, and culture. Countries studied include Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. "Sabrina Ramet has assembled a team of highly respectable country specialists to offer a fresh and historiographically updated reading of interwar developments in East...
Quotas
In 1920, the Hungarian parliament introduced a Jewish quota for university admissions, making Hungary the first country in Europe to pass antisemitic legislation following World War I. Quotas explores the ideologies and practices of quota regimes and the ways quotas have been justified, implemented, challenged, and remembered from the late nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century. In particular, the volume focuses on Central and Eastern Europe, with chapters covering the origins of quotas, the moral, legal, and political arguments developed by their supporters and opponents, and the social and personal impact of these attempts to limit access to higher education.
Above the Abyss
The book focuses on the threat to free self-development and the effort to ward off a perceived threat of extinction as well as the development of self-preservation forces. The challenges for ethnic and religious minorities in the 19th–21st centuries are explained and unfolded against the historical background that serves as a frame of reference. The royal privileges granted in medieval Hungary were abolished in the mid-19th century. The German-speaking people’s church (Saxones) in Transylvania founded on this had to reorient itself, although a pioneer region of religious freedom had established itself behind the “Ottoman Curtain”. Since the reception of the Reformation, the “Saxone...
Honorius
Honorius explores the personal life and tumultuous times of one of the last emperors of the Roman West. From his accession to the throne aged ten to his death at thirty-eight, Honorius’ reign was blighted by a myriad of crises: military rebellions, political conspiracies, barbarian invasions, and sectarian controversies. The notorious sack of the city of Rome occurred on Honorius’ watch, and much of the western empire was given over to anarchy and violence. This book should interest undergraduates, research students, and professional scholars. Given the enduring appeal of the fall of Rome and the collapse of western Roman civilization, the wider public should also find much of interest.
"Klagt in Leid..."
Die Muttergottes-Oktave ist nicht nur das Herzstück der Luxemburger Marienverehrung, sondern schlägt als Herz des Luxemburger Katholizismus bis heute. Jedes Jahr kommen Abertausende von Pilgern aus dem In- und Ausland in den Mariendom der Hauptstadt des Großherzogtums. Das Buch geht der Entstehungsgeschichte dieser Wallfahrt nach und untersucht die Grundlage und Entwicklung der Rituale sowie den nationalen wie internationalen profan- und kirchengeschichtlichen Kontext.
Introduction générale à la doctrine fasciste de la race
En 1941, Mussolini, favorablement impressionné par la lecture de Sintesi di dottrina della razza, aurorisa Julius Evola à donner à la traduction allemande de ce livre le titre de Grundrisse der faschistischen Rassenlehre. Traduit par lui-même en collaboration avec une traductrice allemande, il fut publié entre l’été 1942 et le premier trimestre de 1943. A vrai dire, il s'agit, plus que d'une traduction, d'une version remaniée de Sintesi. Le texte est précédé d’une présentation d’une centaine de pages, à la fois descriptive et critique, des œuvres des auteurs de langue allemande qui ont eu une influence sur la vision du monde d’Evola et des activités non seulement intel...
Die rumänisch-jüdische Frage
Dass Liberalismus und jüdische Gleichstellung im 19. Jahrhundert Hand in Hand gingen, kann fast schon als Allgemeinposten europäisch-jüdischer Geschichtsschreibung bezeichnet werden. Die Entwicklung Rumäniens widerspricht dieser Gleichsetzung, da es hier 1866 zu einem kollektiven rechtlichen Ausschluss von Juden als "Fremde" durch selbsternannte "Liberale" kam. Vorliegende Studie bietet erstmals eine Rekonstruktion der geschichtlichen Entwicklungen der rumänisch-jüdischen Emanzipationsfrage vom letzten Drittel des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende der 1860er Jahre und versucht diese "Anomalie" zu erklären. Dafür wird rumänisch-jüdische Geschichte in europäische Kontexte gesetzt und vor dem Hintergrund transnationaler Verflechtungen analysiert.
