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A number of aspects of the prehistory of northern Ontario are considered in these reports. Of central concern are the spatial variations of the Terminal Woodland ceramics and the evidence for the transition from the Laurel assemblage into Blackduck assemblage
A review of the activities of the Archaeological Survey of Canada for the years 1975 and 1976.
More than 400 rock paintings adorn the Canadian Shield from Quebec, across Ontario and as far west as Saskatchewan. The pictographs are the legacy of the Algonkian-speaking Cree and Ojibway, whose roots may extend to the beginnings of human occupancy in the region almost 10,000 years ago. Archaeologist Grace Rajnovich spent fourteen years of field research uncovering a multitude of clues as to the meanings of the paintings. She has written a text which is unique in its ability to "see" the paintings from a traditional native viewpoint. Skilfully weaving the imagery, metaphors and traditions of the Cree and Ojibway, the author has recaptured the poetry and wisdom of an ancient culture. Chief Willie Wilson of the Rainy River Band considers Grace's work "innovative and original."
Excavation at the Stampede Camp and the Saamis site, located in Medicine Hat, Alberta, resulted in the isolation of five site areas from which an abundance of artifacts were recovered, providing data for detailed typological analysis, cultural reconstruction and comparative studies. Together the two sites were occupied during the Middle Prehistoric, Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric periods.
A report on the activities of the Archaeological Survey of Canada, National Museum of Man for the years 1977 to 1979.
Ten Thule house ruins were excavated during 1968 and 1969 at Silumiut, Kamarvik, and Igluligardjuk, major winter settlements along Roes Welcome Sound and northwestern Hudson Bay. Radiocarbon dating places the occupation of these sites at the end of the twelveth century A.D. This work expands Mathiassen’s original investigation of Thule culture southward from Repulse Bay.
Over 1,400 individual skeletons from three major skeletal populations were examined for a series of approximately fifty infracranial non-metric traits. Trait frequencies are studied for size, sex and age differences, trait intercorrelations, and association with bone robusticity. Skeletal population studies are performed using various combinations of the traits and two distance statistics.
A model relating human cognition to the decisions made in tool manufacture is advanced as a substitute for those approaches to artifact classification which rely only on morphology. The model is related to experiments designed to link specific input conditions (in stone fracture) with particular output features (flake and core attributes) and is used to resolve processual questions concerning projectile points from four Palaeo-Indian localities.
The concept of taphonomy has been borrowed from paleontology and applied to the analysis of vertebrate fossils from the Old Crow region of the northern Yukon Territory. By means of this approach, archaeologically significant specimens have been isolated from the larger suite of materials which can be explained entirely in terms of natural processes. The analysis indicates that human occupation began in eastern Beringia more than 50,000 years ago and probably was continuous from that time onward, but primary archaeological deposits will be needed to clarify the historical and paleo-environmental significance of these finds.
This is a preliminary study of temporal and spatial relationships between Canadian Plains peoples, climates and bison populations over the past 10,000 years. Discreteness of two bison populations, hunting and band movements and communication are discussed together with the probable role of grassland faciation as a control on bison migration.