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In this book a test set for dielectric measurements at 2.45 GHz during curing of polymer composites is developed. Fast reconstruction is solved using a neural network algorithm. Modeling of the curing process at 2.45 GHz using both dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor results in more accurate model compared to low frequency modelling that only uses the loss factor. Effect of various hardeners and different amount of filler is investigated.
IoT merupakan salah satu inovasi teknologi yang menghubungkan dunia digital dan fisik, memungkinkan perangkat-perangkat untuk saling berkomunikasi melalui jaringan internet. Dari sistem rumah pintar hingga aplikasi industri, IoT terus berkembang dan memberikan dampak signifikan dalam efisiensi, produktivitas, serta cara hidup manusia. Melalui buku ini, kami ingin memberikan pemahaman mendalam mengenai bagaimana IoT bekerja, potensi penerapannya, serta tantangan yang dihadapinya di masa mendatang.
This book constitutes the thoroughly internationally - refereed proceedings of the 2nd Vocational Educational International Conference: Revitalization of Vocational Education in Indonesia, 2020, held in Semarang, Indonesia, in August 27, 2020. The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from all submissions. The papers reflect the conference sessions as follows: Innovation In Building and Developing Vocational Education, Innovation In Preparing and Developing Educators In Vocational Education, Innovation In Preparing and Developing Skilled Workers, and Developing Students Competencies Using E-learning.
Gyrotrons are high-power mm-wave tubes. Here, the design, construction and experimental investigation of a 20 kW, 28 GHz gyrotron (2nd harmonic) are reported. This tube was designed to evaluate new emitters for future highly efficient and reliable fusion gyrotrons and for material processing applications. Following experimental results have been achieved in CW operation: 22.5 kW output power at 23.4 kV electron beam voltage and 2.23 A beam current with the world record efficiency of 43 %.
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Microwave-assisted alkaline hydrolysis of PET can be 20 times faster and at lower temperatures. This work presents a novel industrial microwave applicator at 2.45 GHz with homogeneous distribution to support this reaction, which allows an efficient and continuous operation. In addition, an innovative dielectric and calorimetric measurements setup is presented. Furthermore, the modelling of the reaction kinetics based on the measured dielectric parameters is presented.
Magnetic confinement fusion relies on plasma heating and plasma control using gyrotron oscillators providing at megawatt power levels. The operational reliability decreases when operating at the performance limits due to increasing parasitic mode activity. This work demonstrates for the first time the automated, fast recovery of nominal gyrotron operation during a pulse by exploiting the hysteretic gyrotron behaviour after a mode switch being in use at the Wendelstein 7-X ECRH facility.
The DEMOnstration fusion power plant (DEMO) will be the first fusion reactor, which is intended to generate net electrical power. For successful operation of DEMO, high-power gyrotrons with operating frequencies up to 240 GHz are required for plasma heating and stabilization. In this work, a systematic feasibility study and tolerance analysis are performed for the conventional-type hollow-cavity DEMO gyrotrons. The various approaches are also suggested to identify its operational limits.
Magnetic fusion is one approach to generate thermonuclear fusion power in an environmental friendly way. The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating is considered as the major concept for startup, heating and control of the fusion plasma. Megawatt-class gyrotrons generate the required microwave power. This work focuses on advanced key components and technologies for a DEMO relevant 2 MW gyrotron. One major focus is on the development of advanced Magnetron Injection Guns. Another focus is on the red