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Since the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920, Mexico's rebellious peasant has become a subject not only of history but of literature, film, and paintings. With his sombrero, his machete, and his rifle, he marches or rides through countless Hollywood or Mexican films, killing brutal overseers, hacienda owners, corrupt officials, and federal soldiers. Some of Mexico's greatest painters, such as Diego Rivera, have portrayed him as one of the motive forces of Mexican history. Was this in fact the case? Or are we dealing with a legend forged in the aftermath of the Revolution and applied to the Revolution itself and to earlier periods of Mexican history? This is one of the main questions discussed b...
Harnecker offers a useful overview of the changing political map in Latin America, examining the trajectories of several progressive Latin American governments as they work to develop alternative models to capitalism.--Provided by publisher.
An engaging and enlightening account of taxation told through lively, dramatic, and sometimes ludicrous stories drawn from around the world and across the ages Governments have always struggled to tax in ways that are effective and tolerably fair. Sometimes they fail grotesquely, as when, in 1898, the British ignited a rebellion in Sierra Leone by imposing a tax on huts—and, in repressing it, ended up burning the very huts they intended to tax. Sometimes they succeed astonishingly, as when, in eighteenth-century Britain, a cut in the tax on tea massively increased revenue. In this entertaining book, two leading authorities on taxation, Michael Keen and Joel Slemrod, provide a fascinating a...
This book argues that in addition to being a war of national liberation, Mexico's movement toward independence from Spain was also an internal war pitting classes and ethnic groups against each other, an intensely localized struggle by rural people, especially Indians, for the preservation of their communities.
Previous studies of the insurrection have centered on the initial stage of the movement in Cuzco and tended to misrepresent the phase in La Paz as an atavistic "race war" against whites. By focusing on La Paz, Thomson shows that a process of struggle at the local level, combined with transformations within Aymara indigenous communities over a period of decades, contributed to the overall breakdown of Spanish colonial order and shaped the dynamics of the insurgency. As peasant commoners increasingly challenged their traditional ethnic lords (caciques), they upset the established apparatus of colonial rule in the Andean countryside, and they brought about a democratization of power relations within their communities. These local struggles converged with more ambitious designs for Indian government and self-determination, as the insurgents envisioned the possibility of Indian-white equality, Indian hegemony over other peoples in the Andes, or outright elimination of the colonial enemy. This experience in the late colonial period continued to shape peasant community organization and influence national political life in the Andes into the present.
Offering a corrective to previous views of Spanish-American independence, this book shows how political culture in Peru was dramatically transformed in this period of transition and how the popular classes as well as elites played crucial roles in this process. Honor, underpinning the legitimacy of Spanish rule and a social hierarchy based on race and class during the colonial era, came to be an important source of resistance by ordinary citizens to repressive action by republican authorities fearful of disorder. Claiming the protection of their civil liberties as guaranteed by the constitution, these &"honorable&" citizens cited their hard work and respectable conduct in justification of th...
To many observers in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Mexico appeared to be a modern nation-state at last assuming an international role through its participation in NAFTA and the OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development). Then came the Zapatista revolt on New Year's Day 1994. Wearing ski masks and demanding not power but a new understanding of the indigenous peoples of Mexico, Subcomandante Marcos and his followers launched what may be the first "post" or "counter" modern revolution, one that challenges the very concept of the modern nation-state and its vision of a fully assimilated citizenry. This book offers a new way of understanding the Zapatista conflict as a countera...
Leo, un muchacho introvertido y aficionado a la fantasía, aparece de pronto en un mundo nuevo en el que las hadas no son criaturas mágicas sino fieras guerreras que luchan contra un rey déspota y abusivo. Una vez allí, Leo descubre que su presencia es fundamental para la rebelión y se ve atrapado por los muchos enigmas que se esconden en aquel mundo. Secretos sobre el pasado de su familia se encuentran ocultos en la historia de Embelow. Leo irá en busca de la verdad, pero también deberá encontrar su lugar en la guerra que se avecina.
Han pasado muchos siglos desde que los dioses abandonaron el viejo mundo. En el presente, en sus nuevas tierras, el continente que gobiernan será azotado por viejos enemigos: los demonios se sublevarán contra el Olimpo y desatarán el caos del nuevo orden mundial. Ante la insurrección, las razas que soportaban el régimen olímpico tendrán pocas opciones con los súbitos e impensados líderes: unirse a ellos, enfrentarlos para conseguir de una vez por todas la libertad o, simplemente, sucumbir. Con todo, pese al inusitado poder que ostentan, los usurpadores hallarán más oposición de la que esperan. Especialmente, ofrecerá una resistencia insospechada un dios relegado a la soledad, au...