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The concept originated in Japan in the 1980s when government agencies started approving foods with proven benefits in an effort to better the health of the general population.Functional foods is a very popular term in the social and scientific media; consequently, food producers have invested resources in the development of processed foods that may provide added functional benefits to consumers’ well-being. Because of intrinsic regulation and end-of-use purposes in different countries, worldwide meanings and definitions of this term are still unclear. Hence, here we standardize this definition and propose a guideline to attest that some ingredients or foods truly deserve this special desig...
The use of microbial systems to produce various biomolecules at an industrial scale is the most common method available as it is cost-effective and easy to produce. Currently, high yield strains isolated naturally or modified genetically for yield improvements and cost effectiveness are becoming increasingly popular. A number of strategies for strain improvement have been reported by scientists and researchers that have been used for production at an industrial scale.
Comprising well over half of all known animal species, insects are the most successful organisms on the planet. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to say that one cannot study agriculture, biology, and the environment, without a basic understanding of entomology. Furthermore, insects are indispensable to advances in molecular biology and genetics, and their ongoing decline in many parts of the world has stimulated much research in the crucial roles they play in global ecosystems. However, the sheer diversity of insects can be a challenge to every newcomer to entomology. Most entomology textbooks tend to focus on insect biology, leaving readers with only a superficial idea of insect diversity and ...
Clinical Chemistry considers what happens to the body’s chemistry when affected by disease. Each chapter covers the relevant basic science and effectively applies this to clinical practice. It includes discussion on diagnostic techniques and patient management and makes regular use of case histories to emphasise clinical relevance, summarise chapter key points and to provide a useful starting point for examination revision. The clear and engaging writing style appreciated by generations of readers has been retained in this new (eighth) edition, while the content has been thoroughly updated throughout. The approach and scope of this trusted text makes it ideal for integrated medical curricu...
Nano-Enabled Agrochemicals in Agriculture presents a targeted overview of the safe implementation of nanotechnologies within agricultural and horticultural settings, with the purpose of achieving enhanced production while maintaining ecological integrity. The growing global request for agricultural crops and products requires high standards of quality and safety, which has stimulated the search for new technologies that preserve their quality and delay their decomposition. Nanotechnology may boost plant production by improving nutrient uptake/use efficiency with nanoformulations of fertilizers and agrochemicals for plant enhancement, detection and treatment of diseases, and host-parasite int...
A listing of medical practitioners registered with the General Medical Council. Includes England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Data includes name, address, degrees, colleges, appointment, memberships, and publications. Also contains information on United Kingdom hospitals, NHS trusts, and boards of health.
After seven years of work, the Committee on Coastal State Jurisdiction Relating to Marine Pollution of the International Law Association concluded its work by submitting its final report for discussion at the occasion of the London conference, July 25-29, 2000. This book brings together the different official reports submitted by this Committee at the 1996 Helsinki, 1998 Taipei, and 2000 London conferences, as well as some preparatory documents necessary for the correct understanding of these just-mentioned reports. The Committee concentrated its work on vessel-source pollution and made it a central objective of its work to produce results which could facilitate the interpretation of the 198...
Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection presents the intricate ways in which sperm compete to fertilize eggs and how this has prompted reinterpretations of breeding behavior. This book provides a theoretical framework for the study of sperm competition, which is a central part of sexual selection. It also discusses the roles of females and the relationships between paternal care in sperm competition. The chapters focusing on taxonomic development are diverse and cover all the major animal groups, both vertebrate and invertebrate, and plants. The final chapter provides an overview discussing the relationship between sperm competition and sexual selection in terms of both function and mechanism and how these translate into species fitness. This book will be of prime interest to behaviorists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists, suggesting new avenues of research and new ways of approaching old problems. - The only up-to-date summary of a central and popular subject - Well known editors and authors - Provides a theoretical framework for the study of sperm competition - Covers all major animal groups - Includes a chapter on plants
The study of alternative reproductive tactics (the behavioural strategies used by individuals to increase their reproductive success) is an evolutionary puzzle, and one of great interest to researchers. For instance, why do some males guard both nest and eggs, while others sneak into nests while pairs are spawning and fertilise those eggs? The field offers a special opportunity to study the evolution and functional causes of phenotypic variation, which is a general problem in the field of evolutionary biology. By integrating both mechanistic (psychological) and evolutionary (behavioural ecology) perspectives and by covering a great diversity of species, Alternative Reproductive Tactics addresses this integrated topic of longstanding interest, bringing together a multitude of otherwise scattered information in an accessible form that is ideal for graduate students and researchers.