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Investigating societal responses toward climate pulsations, this book explores environmental challenges through a timeframe of climate pulsations and response patterns in different civilizations. This “societal-climate-society” approach helps to establish the relationship between climate and civilization. It argues that history is a collection of repeated decisions toward challenges in different climate cycles. As an application of Darwinian evolutionary theory on human societies, Ellsworth Huntington’s theory of climate pulsation is modified and tailored to explain Samuel Huntington’s theory of the clash of civilizations, which discloses the invisible hand behind war and peace.
The book provides a systematic view on flammability and a collection of solved engineering problems in the fields of dilution and purge, mine gas safety, clean burning safety and gas suppression modeling. For the first time, fundamental principles of energy conservation are used to develop theoretical flammability diagrams and are then explored to understand various safety-related mixing problems. This provides the basis for a fully-analytical solution to any flammability problem. Instead of the traditional view that flammability is a fundamental material property, here flammability is discovered to be a result of the explosibility of air and the ignitability of fuel, or a process property. ...
Constructional Engineering and Ecological Environment contains papers presented at the 4th International Symposium on Architecture Research Frontiers and Ecological Environment (ARFEE 2022, Guilin, China, 23–25 December, 2022). With a focus on hot research topics and difficulties in construction technology and ecological environment, this book provides the latest research results on a variety of topics: building structure civil engineering seismic technology ecological environment repair The book is aimed at engineers, scholars and researchers in construction, structural engineering and environmental sciences.
Bow Ties in Process Safety and Environmental Management: Current Trends and Future Perspectives aims to combine the process safety aspects and the potential dangers to the ecology including the source of the contamination, and especially, the unbalanced utilization of toxic chemicals in process industries. It also covers a broad spectrum of industrial process safety, environmental pollution factors, dangers to land, water, air and living species, remediation technologies (traditional and futuristic approaches), pollutant degradation through numerical modelling, and physicochemical characteristics of the chemicals and their thermal analysis. It also provides the mandated safety data sheets al...
The Twenty-Four Histories (Chinese: 二十四史) are the Chinese official historical books covering a period from 3000 BC to the Ming dynasty in the 17th century. The Han dynasty official Sima Qian established many of the conventions of the genre. Starting with the Tang dynasty, each dynasty established an official office to write the history of its predecessor using official court records. As fixed and edited in the Qing dynasty, the whole set contains 3213 volumes and about 40 million words. It is considered one of the most important sources on Chinese history and culture. The title "Twenty-Four Histories" dates from 1775 which was the 40th year in the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. This ...
Zi Zhi Tong Jian (Chinese: 资治通鉴;English: "Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance") is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084 in the form of a chronicle. In 1065 AD, Emperor Yingzong of Songordered the great historian Sima Guang (1019–1086 AD) to lead with other scholars such as his chief assistants Liu Shu, Liu Ban and Fan Zuyu, the compilation of a universal history of China. The task took 19 years to be completed,and, in 1084 AD, it was presented to his successor Emperor Shenzong of Song. The Zi Zhi Tong Jian records Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning across almost 1,400 years,and contains 294 volumes (�...
Research on past knowledge, practices, personnel and institutions of Chinese health care has focussed on printed text for many decades. The Berlin collections of handwritten Chinese volumes on health and healing from the past 400 years provide a hitherto unprecedented access to a wide range of data. They extend the reach of medical historiography beyond the literature written by and for a small social elite to the reality of health care as practiced by private households, lay healers, pharmacists, professional doctors, magicians, itinerant healers and others. The nearly 900 volumes surveyed here for the first time demonstrate the heterogeneity of Chinese traditional healing. They evidence the continuation of millennia-old therapeutic approaches long discarded by the elite, and they show continuous adaptation to more recent trends.
Chinese, Japanese, South (and North) Koreans in East Asia have a long, intertwined and distinguished cultural history and have achieved, or are in the process of achieving, spectacular economic success. Together, these three peoples make up one quarter of the world population.They use a variety of unique and fascinating writing systems: logographic Chinese characters of ancient origin, as well as phonetic systems of syllabaries and alphabets. The book describes, often in comparison with English, how the Chinese, Korean and Japanese writing systems originated and developed; how each relates to its spoken language; how it is learned or taught; how it can be computerized; and how it relates to ...