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The use of model antigens such as haptens and ovalbumin has provided enormous insights into how immune responses develop, particularly to vaccine antigens. Furthermore, these studies are overwhelmingly performed in animals housed in clean facilities and are not known to have experienced overt clinical signs caused by infectious agents. Therefore, this is unlikely to reflect the impact more complex host-pathogen interactions can have on the host, nor the diversity in how immunity is regulated. Humans develop immune responses in the context of the periodic exposure to multiple pathogens and vaccines over a life-time. These are likely to have a long-lasting effect on who and what we are and how...
Plasma cells (PCs) are terminally differentiated B-cells producing large amounts of immunoglobulins (Ig). In humans, most of circulating Ig are produced by bone marrow plasma cells. PCs differentiate from activated naïve or memory B-cells usually activated by specific antigens. It is still controversial whether the regulation of PCs numbers and the “active” in vivo Ig diversity depend or not on non-specific reactivation of B-cells during infections. Depending on the stimulus (T-independent/T-dependent antigen, cytokines, partner cells) and B-cell types (naïve or memory, circulating or germinal center, lymph nodes or spleen, B1 or B2...), both the phenotype and isotype of PCs differ suggesting that PC diversity is either linked to B-cell diversity or to the type of stimulus or to both. Knowledge of the mechanisms supporting PC diversity has important consequences for the management of i) plasma cell neoplasia such as Multiple Myeloma and Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, ii) vaccine protection against pathogens and iii) auto-immune diseases.
We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). Prof. Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo is the President of the Latin American Association of Immunology (ALAI); Prof. Rosana Pelayo is the President of Sociedad Mexicana De Inmunología (SMI) and Prof. Luis García is a former ALAI President.
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Buku ini membahas tentang imunologi dengan lebih rinci dan mendalam sesuai dengan pengetahuan yang dibutuhkan dalam imunologi dasar. Pembahasan dalam tiap bab dan sub bab dirancang secara jelas dan memperhatikan perkembangan dalam imunologi namun tidak terlalu panjang. Referensi yang digunakan adalah referensi-referensi yang mutakhir sehingga banyak hal baru yang bisa dilihat pada buku ini. Referensi lama kami gunakan jika tidak ditemukan referensi yang berumur kurang dari lima tahun dan hasil penelitian pada referensi tersebut masih relevan dengan imunologi masa kini. Di dalam buku ini juga memuat bab khusus yang membahas integrasi imunologi dengan ajaran islam. Kesemua hal tersebut menurut hemat kami merupakan sisi baik dari buku ini.