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Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the AI sub-field of Machine Learning (‘ML’) are terms that originated in the fields of computer and data science but now form part of the common vernacular. AI has now found application in virtually every field. Some applications of AI have become part of our daily lives: virtual assistants, chatbots, search engines, online language translation and eCommerce all employ AI in various forms. Generative AI such as OpenAI’s products ChatGPT (natural language generation), Jukebox (music generation) and DALL-E2 (image generation) have captured the public attention to an enormous degree and can, indeed, do amazing things. A myriad of other applications o...
Antibodies have revolutionized medicine and biotechnology, and have become indispensable tools in therapy, diagnostics, analytics, and research. Therapeutic antibodies, for example, have come to dominate the ranks of blockbuster drugs, currently accounting for 10 out of the top 15 best-selling medicines. At the same time, a body of case law dealing specifically with the patentability of antibody-related inventions and the enforcement of antibody patents has emerged in major jurisdictions. The, at times, significant divergences between different jurisdictions have been compounded by recent decisions in the United States, most notably Amgen v. Sanofi, 872 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2017), which have...
Data, in its raw or unstructured form, has become an important and valuable economic asset, lending it the sobriquet of ‘the oil of the twenty-first century’. Clearly, as intellectual property, raw data must be legally defined if not somehow protected to ensure that its access and re-use can be subject to legal relations. As legislators struggle to develop a settled legal regime in this complex area, this indispensable handbook will offer a careful and dedicated analysis of the legal instruments and remedies, both existing and potential, that provide such protection across a wide variety of national legal systems. Produced under the auspices of the International Association for the Prote...
AIPPI Series, Volume Number 2. The second edition of Patent Protection for Second Medical Uses is a practical guide on the ever-relevant and controversial topic ‘Second Medical Use’ (SMU) patents, which play a significant role in the potential second-line patent protection and have become increasingly important. This edition’s analysis sheds light on the availability of protection for second medical use claims and its legal basis, followed by a detailed look at the specifics of various jurisdictions. Following the abandoning of ‘Swiss-type claims’ at the European Patent Office (EPO), applicants had to develop new filing strategies while such claims are still allowable in a number o...
Data exclusivity gives pharmaceutical companies a limited period of time in which clinical test data are exclusive to the innovator. Internationally, however, aside from prohibition against unfair commercial use, there are no specifics as to how these data are protected; exclusivity is available on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. This book, the only one of its kind, provides expert guidance, chapter by chapter, on test data exclusivity rights for pharmaceutical products in twenty-two major markets worldwide. For each jurisdiction, in addition to explaining the available regulatory data protection – including both substantive and formal requirements for approvals and testing, protecti...
This book addresses the issue of trademark use that may be required for protection and maintenance of trademark rights. While there is considerable harmonization on trademark rights, courts and laws around the world do not always assess in the same way whether a trademark is used and do not always attach the same consequence to lack of use of a trademark. This is a fundamental issue for trademark owners since, depending on the jurisdiction, lack of use can lead to the revocation of trademark rights or to a refusal of trademark registration. This detailed analysis provides clarity, insight and guidance on the legal issues and practical implications of genuine use of trademarks in twenty-six j...