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As a food resource in both Eastern and Western countries, the eel is an important fish. Over the years, remarkable progress has been achieved in understanding the mysterious life cycle of eels that has fascinated scientists since the age of Aristotle. The spawning area of the Japanese eel was discovered and the migratory route of its larvae was elucidated. With the development of techniques for artificial induction of gonadal maturation, it became possible to obtain hatched larvae. Larval rearing to the leptocephalus stage, one of the most difficult tasks involved in eel culture, finally was achieved. By presenting these important breakthroughs, Eel Biology will be of great help in the development of effective management strategies for maintaining stable eel populations. With contributions by leading experts, this book is a valuable source for researchers as well as industry technicians in the fields of aquatic biology, aquaculture, and fisheries.
The book offers detailed progress and challenges in energy storage technologies with respect to various electrolyte chemistries including energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. It introduces energy storage systems and explains the selection of electrolytes for energy storage systems, aqueous- and non-aqueous-based electrolytes, metal-air batteries, and multivalent chemistries. Key features: Provides a better understanding of electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage devices Focuses on electrolytes and electrolytes valence Presents challenges and opportunities in energy storage systems Explains supercapacitors with respect to electrolyte systems Summarizes multivalent-based energy storage systems This book is written for graduate students and researchers in electrochemistry, physical chemistry, and renewable energy.
Solid state ionics is concerned with the science and technology of ions in motion in the solid state. Ions in motion may also involve electrons, depending on the materials and surroundings. These days, solid state ionics is finding an increasing variety of applications. The knowledge of solid state ionics is also extensively mobilized to protect, predict or elongate the lifetime of structural materials in harsh service conditions and to improve the performance reliability of devices. Furthermore, solid state ionics is now being combined with the emerging nanotechnology to produce new knowledge and applications. This book covers the following topics: fuel cells and membranes; batteries; sensors and electrochromics; fundamentals of ionic transport and defect chemistry; cation/anion/mixed ionic electronic conductors.
Wie kann man heute in seinem Fachgebiet den Überblick behalten, obwohl die Spezialisierung in der Wissenschaft mehr und mehr zunimmt? Die "Highlights in Inorganic Chemistry" wollen dabei helfen. Die Anorganische Chemie gliedert sich in Molekülchemie, Festkörperchemie, Hauptgruppenchemie, Materialwissenschaften und viele weitere Teilbereiche auf. Viel tut sich Jahr für Jahr in jedem dieser Forschungsschwerpunkte! Zu jedem dieser Disziplinen präsentieren Wissenschaftler aus aller Welt in diesem Buch interessante und aktuelle Beiträge. Jeder, der einen Blick über den eigenen Tellerrand hinaus riskieren will, sollte dieses Buch sein Eigen nennen.
Even at the beginning of the new millenium the rare earths still remain, to a certain extent, a mystery. The chapters in this volume will help to unravel some of these. In the filling of the 4f electronic orbitals the lanthanides defy the elementary aufbau principle that underlies the periodic sequence of the elements, and the authors of the first chapter introduce the readers to the basic physics of the orbital collapse leading to that failure. Furthermore an explanation is offered in terms of double-well potentials. The phenomenon is illustrated using the valence transitions observed in some of the rare earth atoms, including Sm group metals and the higher oxides of cerium, praseodymium an...
Crystal growth is the key step of a great number of very important applications. The development of new devices and products, from the traditional microelectronic industry to pharmaceutical industry and many others, depends on crystallization processes. The objective of this book is not to cover all areas of crystal growth but just present, as specified in the title, important selected topics, as applied to organic and inorganic systems. All authors have been selected for being key researchers in their field of specialization, working in important universities and research labs around the world. The first section is mainly devoted to biological systems and covers topics like proteins, bone and ice crystallization. The second section brings some applications to inorganic systems and describes more general growth techniques like chemical vapor crystallization and electrodeposition. This book is mostly recommended for students working in the field of crystal growth and for scientists and engineers in the fields of crystalline materials, crystal engineering and the industrial applications of crystallization processes.