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The present book is a result of a seven-year (1986-1992) national research program in cognitive science in Germany, presumably the first large scale cognitive science program there. Anchored in psychology, and therefore christened Wissenpsychologie (psychology of knowledge), it has found interdisciplinary resonance, especially in artificial intelligence and education. The research program brought together cognitive scientists from over twenty German universities and more than thirty single projects were funded. The program was initiated by Heinz Mandl and Hans Spada, the main goals of which were to investigate the acquisition of knowledge, the access to knowledge, and the modification and ap...
Media-didactics have recently become more firmly grounded on cognitive theory, with an increasing concern for the internal processes of knowledge representation and acquisition. With this cognitive aspect in mind, an international group of researchers held a meeting in Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany, to present and discuss the theoretical approaches to and empirical investigations of knowledge acquisition from text and pictures. This volume contains the revised contributions resulting from that meeting.
This book discusses the significance of flexible scripting to structure CSCL against the framework of “Script theory of guidance” and reports on findings from two empirical studies on the effects of flexible scripting on collaboration in CSCL scenarios. In the first empirical study flexibility was accomplished through adaptivity, and through adaptability in the second. The results of these studies show that adaptive and adaptable scripts enhanced the quality of collaborative knowledge construction processes as well as learners’ collaboration skills, compared to inflexible scripts. The findings presented in this book will contribute to theory building of the scripting approach in CSCL. The authors propose two innovative ways of achieving flexible scripting and address the mechanisms by which adaptive versus adaptable script influences collaborative knowledge construction. Moreover, the adaptive and adaptable scripting approaches provide hands-on examples for practitioners and contribute to their understanding of teaching design in CSCL settings.
'Teaching in context' has become an accepted, and often welcomed, way of teaching science in both primary and secondary schools. The conference organised by IPN and the University of York Science Education Group, Context-based science curricula, drew on the experience of over 40 science educators and 10 projects. The book is arranged in four parts. Part A consists of two papers, one on situated learning and the other on implementation of new curricula. Part B contains descriptions of five major curricula in different countries, why they were introduced, how they were developed and implemented and evaluation results. Part C gives descriptions of three projects that are of smaller scale and their materials are used as interventions in other more conventional curricula. There is also a contribution on some fundamental research where modules of work are written to examine how best to design context-based curricula. Finally, Part D consist of two chapters, one summarising some of the findings that came out of the chapters in the three earlier parts and the second looks at the future.
The papers from the first two International Study Association on Teachers and Teaching conferences are presented in this title as book chapters. Each paper has historical value, marking as they do, both a change in topic focus and a revolution in research practice. They also have a practical value in that they provide a large reference source for, and a wide range of examples of, both topics and methods of research. Value for the future can be found in the texts that note lacunae in research and unresolved issues. Further, since the chapters derive from research conducted in a variety of national contexts, revealing some evidence of common constraints and opportunities impinging on education at the time, questions are stimulated about what has changed and what has stayed the same in the interim.
In this book, an international group of leading scientists present perspectives on the control of human behavior, awareness, consciousness, and the meaning and function of perceived control or self-efficacy in people's lives. The book breaks down the barriers between subdisciplines, and thus constitutes an occasion to reflect on various facets of control in human life. Each expert reviews his or her field through the lens of perceived control and shows how these insights can be applied in practice.
At the start of the new millennium, mankind is challenged by a paradox: the more we know about the world the more uncertain we become in understanding and predicting how it works. This book presents an outline of a new basis for Systems Science, and a methodology for its application in complex environmental, economic, social, and technological systems.