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Information literacy and autonomy have become key values for the image of man in a society that is increasingly shaped by digitalization and artificial intelligence. The purpose of this book is to describe abstraction, analogy, inference, plausibility and creativity as basic skills of cognitive information processing and prerequisites for autonomous informational action.
As models and paradigms, patterns have been helping to orient architects since the Middle Ages. But patterns are also the basis of the history of ornament, an aesthetic phenomenon that links all times and cultures at a fundamental level. Ornament – and hence pattern as well – was abolished by the avant-garde in the first half of the twentieth century, but the notion of pattern has taken on new meaning and importance since the 1960s. Complexity research has ultimately shown that even highly complex, dynamic patterns may be based on simple behavioral rules, and that has allowed the notions of pattern and pattern formation to take on new meanings, that are also central for architecture. Today the use of generative computerized methods is opening up new ways of talking about an idea that is becoming increasingly abstract and dynamic. Pattern explores the question: what are the notions of pattern that must be discussed in the context of contemporary architecture?
This book covers anaphora resolution for the English language from a linguistic and computational point of view. First, a definition of anaphors that applies to linguistics as well as information technology is given. On this foundation, all types of anaphors and their characteristics for English are outlined. To examine how frequent each type of anaphor is, a corpus of different hypertexts has been established and analysed with regard to anaphors. The most frequent type are non-finite clause anaphors - a type which has never been investigated so far. Therefore, the potential of non-finite clause anaphors are further explored with respect to anaphora resolution. After presenting the fundamentals of computational anaphora resolution and its application in text retrieval, rules for resolving non-finite clause anaphors are established. Therefore, this book shows that a truly interdisciplinary approach can achieve results which would not have been possible otherwise. Open Access: In July 2019, this volume was retroactively turned into an Open Access publication thanks to the support of the Fachinformationsdienst Linguistik. https://www.linguistik.de/
In four extended case studies, the book traces the way in which central concepts of the aesthetics later termed "Frankfurt School" were deeply rooted in contemporary developments in painting, photography, architecture and films as well as psychology, advertising and the discipline of art history as it was practised by figures such as Heinrich Wolfflin, Erwin Panofsky, Wilhelm Pinder and Hans Sedlmayr. By studying the emergence and importance of the concepts of 'fashion', 'distraction', 'non-simultaneity' and 'mimesis' in the work of the critical theorists, the book traces the shifting intersection between the history of art and the Frankfurt School and seeks to uncover its specific logic.
Ernst H. Gombrich, the Art Historian, master of both Continental thought and English language, became one of the world's most well-known representatives of the discipline. Half a century ago his testable theories transformed thinking on how to look at art. After only a few years during which semiotics appeared to render Sir Ernst's common-sense framework outdated, the rise of cognitive approaches has enabled him to recover internationally the status he once had in France as a radical thinker within modern philosophy. This book explores Gombrich's intellectual legacy by analysing some of the concepts and insights in the context of Image Science, the "Steckenpferd". The international contributors are original authorities in their own right, among them some of Gombrich's former students.
In Benjamin's Library, Jane O. Newman offers, for the first time in any language, a reading of Walter Benjamin's notoriously opaque work, Origin of the German Tragic Drama that systematically attends to its place in discussions of the Baroque in Benjamin's day. Taking into account the literary and cultural contexts of Benjamin's work, Newman recovers Benjamin's relationship to the ideologically loaded readings of the literature and political theory of the seventeenth-century Baroque that abounded in Germany during the political and economic crises of the Weimar years. To date, the significance of the Baroque for Origin of the German Tragic Drama has been glossed over by students of Benjamin,...
Seit vierzig Jahren vermittelt das Standardwerk Wissenschaftlern, Praktikern und Studierenden Grundlagen der professionellen, wissenschaftlich fundierten Informationsarbeit. Mit der 6., völlig neu gefassten Auflage reagieren die Herausgeber Rainer Kuhlen, Wolfgang Semar und Dietmar Strauch auf die erheblichen technischen, methodischen und organisatorischen Veränderungen auf dem Gebiet der Information und Dokumentation und tragen damit der raschen Entwicklung des Internets und der Informationswissenschaft Rechnung. Die insgesamt über fünfzig Beiträge sind vier Teilen - Grundlegendes (A), Methodisches (B), Informationsorganisation (C) und Informationsinfrastrukturen (D) - zugeordnet. Artikel aus der 5. Auflage, die in der 6. Auflage nicht mehr enthalten und nach wie vor relevant bleiben, sind über die Website des Verlags frei zugänglich: Folgen Sie hierzu dem folgenden Link und erfahren Sie unter Zusatzmaterialien Open Access, welche Artikel dieser Regelung folgen: http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/53242
Die internationale Kunstliteratur hat sich in den sechziger Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts grundlegend gewandelt. Die Topoi der Kunstkritik, die Paradigmen der Kunsttheorie, die Hintergrundannahmen der Kunstgeschichtsschreibung weisen in diesem turbulenten Jahrzehnt gemeinsame Verschiebungen auf, die neue Theorien, Kunstbegriffe und Vokabulare hervorbrachten. Von diesen diskursiven Veränderungen innerhalb der Texte, die die Werke in den sechziger Jahren kommentierend begleiten, handelt die vorliegende Untersuchung. Ein leitender Aspekt ist die Wesensbestimmung der Kunst, die die analytische Ästhetik als Essentialismus bezeichnet. Essentialistische Kunsttheorien teilen die Auffassung, dass den...
Die 7. Ausgabe der "Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation" (Erstausgabe 1972) heißt jetzt: „Grundlagen der Informationswissenschaft". Der Bezug zur Praxis und zur Ausbildung bleibt erhalten, aber der neue Titel trägt dem Rechnung, dass die wissenschaftliche theoretische Absicherung für alle Bereiche von Wissen und Information, nicht nur in der Fachinformation, sondern auch in den Informationsdiensten des Internet immer wichtiger wird. Für die Grundlagen sind 73 Artikel in 6 Hauptkapiteln vorgesehen. Viele Themen werden zum ersten Mal behandelt, z.B. Information und Emotion, Informationelle Selbstbestimmung, Informationspathologien. Alle Beiträge sind neu verfasst.