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Since leaving his homeland after the Iranian revolution in 1979, Kuros Amouzgar witnessed his children and many other second generation Iranians who were eager to learn more about their own heritage, but who were unable to read the language of their parents. He decided to use the quatrains of Omar Khayyam as a vehicle to introduce a small section of Persian literature, philosophy and culture to his children and grandchildren's generation. Khayyam's poems are well-known both in the Persian original and in the English speaking world through the translations of Edward FitzGerald. Unfortunately, for the student, FitzGerald's literary and inspirational poem are not exact translations of the Persian. In this volume, each poem is presented in the original Persian in both the Persian and Latin alphabet. In addition a literal translation and the corresponding poetic translation by FitzGerald are given. The more difficult terms are further explained. Also included is a Persian-English glossary.
A compilation of current biographical information of general interest.
A repository of subversive, melancholic and existentialist themes and ideas, the rubaiyat (quatrains) that make up the collected poems attributed to the 12th century Persian astronomer Omar Khayyam have enchanted readers for centuries. In this modern translation, complete with critical introduction and epilogue, Juan Cole elegantly renders the verse for contemporary readers. Exploring such universal questions as the meaning of life, fate and how to live a good life in the face of human mortality, this translation reveals anew why this singular collection of poems has struck a chord with such a temporally and culturally diverse audience, from the wine houses of medieval Iran to the poets of Western twentieth century modernism.
This book takes contrast, an issue that has been central to phonological theory since Saussure, as its central theme, making explicit its importance to phonological theory, perception, and acquisition. The volume brings together a number of different contemporary approaches to the theory of contrast, including chapters set within more abstract representation-based theories, as well as chapters that focus on functional phonetic theories and perceptual constraints. This book will be of interest to phonologists, phoneticians, psycholinguists, researchers in first and second language acquisition, and cognitive scientists interested in current thinking on this exciting topic.
The Caspian Sea has been the focus of states and peoples in and out of the area for the last decade. The surrounding states are interested in getting a decent share of the lake's resources. The industrial states are interested in taking the oil, gas and other natural wealth of the Caspian Sea to world markets as soon as possible. The populations of the littoral states, which are all ruled by undemocratic regimes, are concerned with whether their governments will retain their just rights in the Caspian Sea. They realise that the highest priority for their current rulers is to keep their grip on power, not their nation's present or future interests. How have the respective governments in Azerb...