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Johnson's and Webster's Verbal Examples
This book analyses Noah Webster's and Samuel Johnson's use of verbal examples in their dictionaries as a means of giving guidance on word usage. The author's major interest lies in elucidating how uniquely Webster, who was originally a grammarian, made use of verbal examples. In order to achieve this purpose, the author provides chapters based on types of entry words in their functional contexts. Johnson's selection of sources of citations and the frequency of his quoting citations tended to vary strongly according to the type of entry word; he also supplied invented examples rather than citations when he thought it especially necessary to clarify the use of a word. By contrast, with the exception of biblical ones, almost all of Webster's citations were taken from Johnson's »Dictionary«. However, Webster significantly made full use of such citations to express his view on word usage, which differs essentially from Johnson's. Besides, Webster had a strong tendency to quote phrases and sentences from the Bible for the same purpose.
The First Century of English Monolingual Lexicography
This book deals with monolingual English dictionaries from 1604 to 1702. The major scholarly reference works which individually treat early English dictionaries are De Witt Starnes and Gertrude Noyes’s English Dictionary from Cawdrey to Johnson: 1604–1755 (1946) and The Oxford History of English Lexicography (2009) edited by A. P. Cowie. However, when we proceed with reading the dictionaries with primary attention to their provision of lexical information, an array of deficiencies in Starnes and Noyes’s account stands out. There are two main reasons for these deficiencies; one is the fact that Starnes and Noyes’s analyses of the dictionaries are mainly made in accordance with the con...
Small Dictionaries and Curiosity
Small Dictionaries and Curiosity tells a story which has not been told before, that of the first European wordlists of minority and unofficial languages and dialects, from the end of the Middle Ages to the early nineteenth century. These wordlists were collected by people who were curious about the unrecorded or little-known languages they heard around them. Between them, they document more than 40 language varieties, from a Basque-Icelandic pidgin of the North Atlantic to the Kalmyk language of the lower Volga. The book gives an account of about 90 of these dictionaries and wordlists, some of them single-page jottings and some of them full-sized printed books, paying attention to their cont...
Ashgate Critical Essays on Early English Lexicographers
Three major developments in English lexicography took place during the seventeenth century: the emergence of the first free standing monolingual English dictionaries; the making of new kinds of English lexicons that investigated dialect or etymology or that keyed English to invented 'philosophical' languages; and the massive expansion of bilingual lexicography, which not only placed English alongside the European vernaculars but also handled the languages of the new world. The essays in this volume discuss not only the internal history of lexicography but also its wider relationships with culture and society.
In Praise of Profanity
When President Obama signed the affordable health care act in 2009, the Vice President was overheard to utter an enthusiastic "This is a big f****** deal!" A town in Massachusetts levies $20 fines on swearing in public. Nothing is as paradoxical as our attitude toward swearing and "bad language": how can we judge profanity so harshly in principle, yet use it so frequently in practice? Though profanity is more acceptable today than ever, it is still labeled as rude, or at best tolerable only under specific circumstances. Cursing, many argue, signals an absence of character, or poor parenting, and is something to avoid at all costs. Yet plenty of us are unconcerned about the dangers of profani...
Multi-disciplinary Lexicography
The present book is based on presentations made during the IXth International School on Lexicography, “Multi-disciplinary Lexicography: Traditions and Challenges of the XXIst Century”, at Ivanovo State University, September 8–10, 2011, and continues a series of collective monographs devoted to the theoretical and practical problems of lexicography, published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing in 2007, 2009 and 2010. The scope of topics discussed in four parts (Dictionary as a Cross-road of Language and Culture, Dictionary Use and Dictionary Criticism, Terminology and LSP Studies, and Projects of New Dictionaries) is rather wide and focuses on burning problems of European, Russian and world lexicography, as well as on projects of new dictionaries. This book will be of interest to theoreticians, practitioners, and students of linguistic faculties.
Ashgate Critical Essays on Early English Lexicographers
Laying the foundations for the first monolingual dictionaries of English, the sixteenth century in English lexicography is here shown to form a bridge between the glossarial compilations which had slowly evolved during the Middle Ages, and the more recognisably modern dictionary incorporating synonymy, illustrative citations and other standard features. The articles collected here treat general lexicography and dictionaries in this period, their uses, and the state of research in this field. The volume also covers a fascinating and diverse collection of lexicographers, from the well known - John Palsgrave, Thomas Cooper, Thomas Elyot and John Florio - to those about whom next to nothing is known - Richard Howlet, John Baret and Peter Levens.
Adventuring in Dictionaries
Adventuring in Dictionaries: New Studies in the History of Lexicography brings together seventeen papers on the making of dictionaries from the sixteenth century to the present day. The first five treat English and French lexicography in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Heberto Fernandez and Monique Cormier discuss the outside matter of French–English bilingual dictionaries; Kusujiro Miyoshi re-assesses the influence of Robert Cawdrey; John Considine uncovers the biography of Henry Cockeram; Antonella Amatuzzi discusses Pierre Borel’s use of his predecessors; and Fredric Dolezal investigates multi-word units in the dictionary of John Wilkins and William Lloyd. Linda Mitchell’s ...
The Language Wars
The English language is a battlefield. Since the age of Shakespeare, arguments over correct usage have been acrimonious, and those involved have always really been contesting values - to do with morality, politics and class. THE LANGUAGE WARS examines the present state of the conflict, its history and its future. Above all, it uses the past as a way of illuminating the present. Moving chronologically, the book explores the most persistent issues to do with English and unpacks the history of 'proper' usage. Where did these ideas spring from? Which of today's bugbears and annoyances are actually venerable? Who has been on the front line in the language wars? THE LANGUAGE WARS examines grammar ...
Lexicography in the Borderland between Knowledge and Non-Knowledge
The book contains a state-of-the-art summary of the theoretical discussions within the field of lexicography during the last decades. On this basis it presents and argues for a new general theory, called the function theory. It goes on to develop this theory in one single field, i.e. learners lexicography where it both formulates the basic elements of a general theory for learners’ dictionaries as well as a number of specific theories for special subfields such as selection, meaning, semantic relations, morphology, syntactic properties and word combinations. It contains a big number of examples extracted from existing dictionaries which are discussed from the point of view of the theories formulated.
