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This book describes and analyzes conflict commodities, which the author defines as “high-value commodities trafficked in by networks of transnational criminals who use the illicitly derived proceeds to finance armed conflict and loot natural resource wealth from national treasuries.” Each chapter examines a different commodity or set of commodities that have become the province of transnational organized crime networks: diamonds, ivory, rhino horn, timber, lapis lazuli, jade, rare minerals, gold, and oil receive scholarly analyses across multiple dimensions, including the structure and operation of criminal networks, the social and environmental consequences of the various conflict commodities trades, and the full range of palliative responses. The book provides coverage of all the players involved, from high-ranking government officials to insurgent groups and terrorists. The work also enumerates the array of human rights abuses associated with the traffic in conflict commodities
This extensive reference examines extreme political movements and the political, cultural, and economic conditions that breed them, from the alt-right in the United States to the Houthi rebel movement in Yemen and the question of Taiwan's independence. Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements around the World is an authoritative guide for students and teachers who seek to understand nationalist movements across the globe. The two-volume work opens with essays that describe different types of nationalist movements: extremist, revisionist, and separatist. Arranged by country, the entries that follow provide the geographic, cultural, economic, and political context for the development of nationalist movements. The entries provide expert analysis of specific movements and lay the groundwork for comparison of the many different types of extreme political movements that are exerting themselves around the world today. In addition, easy-to-read tables give cultural, economic, and political facts and figures for each country. A comprehensive scholarly bibliography of secondary sources rounds out the book.
Sustainable Planet is a two-volume resource that provides comprehensive coverage on the world's most pressing environmental issues, their impact in countries around the world, and how—or if—they are being addressed. Sustainable Planet: Issues and Solutions for Our Environment's Future examines contemporary challenges to sustainability, including population, climate change, decreasing biodiversity, land degradation, and water quality. Each chapter analyzes one of these challenges by first providing an introduction to the topic as well as key concepts to provide readers with a basic understanding of the issue. Essays deepen comprehension by investigating different aspects of the challenge. Case studies written by experts in the field follow. Each case study considers how a specific country is affected by the particular issue as well as the measures the country is taking to find solutions that will provide for a more sustainable future. The final chapter of the book explores sustainability at a global level by examining, through annotated primary documents, a number of multinational initiatives and alliances intended to create a more sustainable planet.
Through case studies, opposing viewpoints, and primary documents, this reference work examines the environmental and sustainability issues regarding water as well as how water is an intrinsic part of human culture. Every culture and ecosystem on earth depends on water. As the world's climate changes, human culture is increasingly threatened by the seemingly opposite problems of having too little clean, potable water and "having too much water"—e.g., flooding, melting polar ice caps, and rising sea levels. What are the solutions that humanity must collectively pursue to protect our ability to flourish on planet earth? Water Planet: The Culture, Politics, Economics, and Sustainability of Wat...
Natural resource and environmental conflicts have long been issues confronting human societies. This case-based examination of a wide range of natural resource disputes exposes readers to many contemporary examples that offer reasons for both hope and concern. The Rwandan genocide, the Sudanese civil war, and perpetual instability in the Middle East and Africa: each of these crises have arguably been instigated and maintained by natural resource disputes. China has undertaken a Herculean task to plant hundreds of millions of trees along its margins in an effort to save Beijing from crippling dust storms and halt the expansion of the Gobi desert. Will it work, and is it worth it? These and ma...
This extensive reference examines extreme political movements and the political, cultural, and economic conditions that breed them, from the alt-right in the United States to the Houthi rebel movement in Yemen and the question of Taiwan's independence. Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements around the World is an authoritative guide for students and teachers who seek to understand nationalist movements across the globe. The two-volume work opens with essays that describe different types of nationalist movements: extremist, revisionist, and separatist. Arranged by country, the entries that follow provide the geographic, cultural, economic, and political context for the development of nationalist movements. The entries provide expert analysis of specific movements and lay the groundwork for comparison of the many different types of extreme political movements that are exerting themselves around the world today. In addition, easy-to-read tables give cultural, economic, and political facts and figures for each country. A comprehensive scholarly bibliography of secondary sources rounds out the book.
Klimawandel, Artensterben, massive Ressourcenausbeutung, Umweltverschmutzung, der Verbrauch nicht erneuerbarer, aber lebenswichtiger Elemente, all das sind Symptome einer planetarischen Krise, die die Ökosysteme – und damit auch den Menschen – gegenwärtig in ihrer Existenz bedrohen. Trotz ihrer globalen Dimensionen hat diese Krise regional, sozial und politisch sehr unterschiedliche Auswirkungen. Im Band werden die globalen Facetten dieser multiplen Umweltkrisen aus der Perspektive Lateinamerikas betrachtet. Dabei werden – gerade was den mit der Krise zusammenhängenden Konsum angeht – auch die Verflechtungen mit Europa betont. Zugleich diskutieren die Beiträge konkrete Lösungen und kreative Antworten auf die globale ökologische Krise aus lateinamerikanischer Perspektive. Mit Beiträgen von Antoine Acker, Maria Backhouse, Hans-Jürgen Burchardt, Kristina Dietz, Olaf Kaltmeier, Sandra Lassak, Rosa Lehmann, Andrés López-Rivera, Franz Mauelshagen, Stefan Peters, María Cecilia Roa, Eleonora Rohland, Christina Schnepel und Maristella Svampa.
Melchoir Claessen Keter, a professional Dutch soldier in the employ of the Dutch West India Company, served in New Amsterdam, New York before the British took over in 1664. He married Susanna Richards in 1674, and moved to Marbletown, Ulster County, New York. Descen- dants (chiefly spelling the surname Keator) and relatives lived in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan and elsewhere. Some descendants immigrated to New Brunswick, Ontario and elsewhere in Canada.