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Resilience in Latin America
This paper analyzes the unprecedented resilience of Latin American countries to the global financial crisis. It argues that sound macroeconomic conditions, which allowed an unusual monetary and fiscal expansion, exchange rate flexibility, a strong and well--regulated financial system, high level of reserves, and a bit of luck coming from very high terms of trade, were central to good economic performance. Persevering along the road of strong macroeconomic and financial policies is necessary, but not sufficient, to go from recovery to sustained growth.
Chile
Chile’s strong fiscal framework has served the country well. The fiscal rule has helped insulate the budgets from volatility in resource prices and economic activity. The sovereign wealth fund (SWF)—the Economic and Social Stabilization Fund (ESSF) and the Pension Reserve Fund (PRF)—was established to encourage savings over time and has provided buffers for stabilizing the economy. During the pandemic, Chile has appropriately used the ESSF to provide swift and impactful support to protect people. Recent efforts to upgrade the fiscal framework— adopt a medium-term fiscal path, formalize a prudent debt ceiling, and introduce an escape clause—can further safeguard fiscal sustainability.
Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations 2013
Published for more than 24 years, there is no substitute for the Worldwide Government Directory, which allows users to identify and reach 32,000 elected and appointed officials in 201 countries, plus the European Union. Extensive coverage that includes over 1,800 pages of executive, legislative and political branches; heads of state, ministers, deputies, secretaries and spokespersons as well as state agencies, diplomats and senior level defense officials. It also covers the leadership of more than 100 international organizations. World Government contact information that includes phone numbers and email. Listings include: Name, addresses, telephone and fax numbers, email and web addresses Titles Hierarchical arrangements defining state structures
Third World Petroleum Congress: The Hague, May 28-June 6, 1951: Proceedings: La Haye, 28 Mai-6 Juin 1951: Actes Et Documents
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Chile Investment, Trade Laws and Regulations Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws
One hundred years ago, the world celebrated the opening of the Panama Canal, which connected the world’s two largest oceans and signaled America’s emergence as a global superpower. It was a miracle, this path of water where a mountain had stood—and creating a miracle is no easy thing. Thousands lost their lives, and those who survived worked under the harshest conditions for only a few silver coins a day. From the young "silver people" whose back-breaking labor built the Canal to the denizens of the endangered rainforest itself, this is the story of one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, as only Newbery Honor-winning author Margarita Engle could tell it.
