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The purpose of this book is to communicate basic knowledge about two species of amphibians of the Urodela order, the fire salamander and the banded newt, along the southern border of their distribution in Israel in an area of especially extreme conditions, and to present to the reader the fascinating world of these species. The book is based on theoretical material from the academic literature that has been published in journals in t he English language over the past 40 years.
The blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) belong to the Anabantidae family, which are ray-finned fish in the order Anabantiformes; they are commonly called labyrinth fish. The 16 known genera contain about 80 species, distributed throughout most of southern Asia, India, and central Africa.
A description of the structural and functional adaptations of the key organs such as skin, kidneys, bladder, lungs and ovaries, with special emphasis placed on physiological adaptations: water, electrolyte, nitrogen, and thermal balance and their endocrine control. One whole chapter devoted to ecological aspects covers such exciting topics as development and metamorphosis, larval competition for food resources, and reproductive strategies.
The class Amphibia contains over 6,300 known species, 54% of which live in the neotropical region. They cannot tolerate the high salt content of sea water and are therefore the only vertebrates not to have colonized marine habitats (Capula, 1989). The class is divided into three orders. The largest, Anura, is divided into approximately 30 families and more than 4,500 spe-cies, ranging in size from a few millimeters to a couple of feet in length, and found in nearly every niche on earth. They have four limbs, the hind limbs typically being larger and modified for leaping or climbing. Most are external fertilizers. These species are also vocal, making sounds that range from squeaks to barks. In lentic environments, anuran breeding occurs in water bodies ranging from ephemeral pools to large permanent lakes (Richter-Boix et al., 2006). Most species deposit their eggs or live larvae in aquatic envi-ronments; these go through a larval phase (tadpoles) characterized by in-tensive morphological transformation—metamorphosis—to the juvenile stage, with an adult appearance; they then continue growing until the re-productive stage.
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