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Paul's Concept of Justification
The Greek family of words characterizing the doctrine of "justification by faith" (as it is known in English) is most prominent in the writings of the Apostle Paul. It was this doctrine that lay at the heart of the sixteenth-century Reformation; Martin Luther and his followers considered it to be at the very center of the gospel. Protestants came to understand "justification" differently from the Catholic Church they had left. Instead of the Catholic "realist" view, in which God makes a sinner righteous, they came to a "forensic" understanding, by which God, as judge, declares a sinner righteous. During the nineteenth century a third, "relational" view began to emerge: it viewed "justification" as God's gift of a right relationship to a sinner. This monograph examines Paul's concept from three perspectives: the New Testament data; the way the doctrine has developed historically; and how the doctrine has been expressed in English translations of the Scriptures. The author concludes that it is the relational view that most accurately depicts Paul's concept of "justification."
Both Judge and Justifier
Paul often says that God "justifies" people in Christ, but what does that mean God does? The language appears legal, but many other interpretations have been suggested. Beginning from the use of this language in Judaism and early Christianity, James B. Prothro investigates biblical legal conflicts and the terminology of "justification" in Paul's letters to determine what it means for Paul to say that God as judge is the "justifier" of those who trust in Christ. --! From publisher's description.
Lord Jesus Christ
This outstanding book provides an in-depth historical study of the place of Jesus in the religious life, beliefs, and worship of Christians from the beginnings of the Christian movement down to the late second century. Lord Jesus Christ is a monumental work on earliest Christian devotion to Jesus, sure to replace Wilhelm Bousset s Kyrios Christos (1913) as the standard work on the subject. Larry Hurtado, widely respected for his previous contributions to the study of the New Testament and Christian origins, offers the best view to date of how the first Christians saw and reverenced Jesus as divine. In assembling this compelling picture, Hurtado draws on a wide body of ancient sources, from S...
The Significance of Theophilus as Luke's Reader
Few studies of Luke's Gospel (or Acts) give much attention to Theophilus and his potential significance despite the fact that Luke indicates specifically that he is writing 'for Theophilus'. Those which do not recognize the importance of Theophilus nevertheless dismiss him because almost nothing is known about the individual. Admittedly, we are left to conjecture and theory but the task, however daunting, is still necessary. A proper appreciation of Luke's Gospel - particularly when it departs from Markan tradition - must look to Theophilus' interests and concerns as the likely influence on the way the material is presented. To ignore Theophilus and to refer instead to Luke's 'church audience' is dangerous. This book attempts to solve the mystery of Theophilus and the man's influence on Luke's version of the tradition. As noted by H.J. Cadbury, the New Testament scholar is a virtual detective.
Situating the Letter to the Hebrews in Early Christian History
Isaak clarifies basic methodological problems in the use of early Christian literature as evidence for the history of early Christianity, the questions: What, if anything do they represent beyond the views of the author? Can these texts give the historian access to the beliefs and practices of early Christian communities? Scholars have long puzzled over why the peculiar views of the Letter to the Hebrews do not fit the ideology of any known group in early Christianity. Isaak argues that if the expectation of 'community fit' for an early Christian text is unwarranted, then the perceived 'riddle' of Hebrews dissolves. He makes his case by showing that there are no good reasons to place early Christian texts in a special category of writings that reflect the peculiar beliefs of a community.
Ancient Jewish-Christian Dialogues
This work provides the texts and translations of three ancient Jewish-Christian dialogues: The Dialogue of Athanasius and Zacchaeus (Greek, 4th c.); The Dialogue of Simon and Theophilus (Latin, 5th c.); and The Dialogue of Timothy and Aquila (Greek, 6th c.). This is the first published translation of each of these texts.
Biblical Interpretation Using Archeological Evidence, 1900-1930
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, conservative scholars claimed archaeology had validated the biblical record. This book explores how traditional scholars seized upon archaeology to advocate biblical truth. It examines the conflict between critical theories of biblical interpretation and traditional methods. It delineates the tension between scholarship and the business of theology in the process of evaluation of the archaeological evidence at the beginning of the twentieth century.
The Synoptic Gospels Compared
In spite of over two centuries of investigation and discussion of the Synoptic Problem of whether Matthew, Mark or Luke wrote the first versions of the Gospel.
