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O sistema de legitimação para agir no processo coletivo brasileiro, por privilegiar o modelo representativo, tem gerado calorosos debates entre os estudiosos da matéria. De um lado, os que defendem o sistema representativo salientam que sua instituição é uma exigência que decorre da própria natureza dos direitos coletivos, pois a numerosidade de titulares dessa espécie de direitos, o desinteresse ou indeterminabilidade de seus titulares poderia tornar inviável sua defesa judicial. Em lado oposto, os que criticam o sistema representativo defendem que o mesmo contraria o regime democrático, pois retira do destinatário dos efeitos do provimento jurisdicional o direito de participar,...
Foro especializado para el debate de los principales problemas teóricos actuales de la Teoría y la Filosofía del Derecho, como legitimidad y obligatoriedad de las leyes, desobediencia civil, estatuto de los derechos humanos, manipulación genética o eutanasia. Su dirección científica está a cargo de la Sociedad Española de Filosofía Jurídica y Política y en él publican habitualmente los miembros de esta Sociedad, pero sus secciones están abiertas a la colaboración de otros especialistas nacionales e internacionales. ISSN: 0518-0872 (edición en papel); 090-20-129-6 (edición en línea, PDF)
Transdisciplinary engineering transcends other inter- and multi-disciplinary ways of working, such as Concurrent Engineering (CE). In particular, transdisciplinary processes are aimed at solving complex, ill-defined problems, or problems for which the solution is not immediately obvious. No one discipline or single person can provide sufficient knowledge to solve such problems, so collaboration is essential. This book presents the proceedings of the 27th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, organized by Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, from 1-10 July 2020. ISTE2020 was the first of this conference series to be held virtually, due to the COVID-19 restriction...
This book focuses on changing political thought in twentieth-century Brazil.
This book presents contemporary empirical methods in software engineering related to the plurality of research methodologies, human factors, data collection and processing, aggregation and synthesis of evidence, and impact of software engineering research. The individual chapters discuss methods that impact the current evolution of empirical software engineering and form the backbone of future research. Following an introductory chapter that outlines the background of and developments in empirical software engineering over the last 50 years and provides an overview of the subsequent contributions, the remainder of the book is divided into four parts: Study Strategies (including e.g. guidelin...
People have relied on medicinal products derived from natural sources for millennia, and animals have long been an important part of that repertoire; nearly all cultures, from ancient times to the present, have used animals as a source of medicine. Ingredients derived from wild animals are not only widely used in traditional remedies, but are also increasingly valued as raw materials in the preparation of modern medicines. Regrettably, the unsustainable use of plants and animals in traditional medicine is recognized as a threat to wildlife conservation, as a result of which discussions concerning the links between traditional medicine and biodiversity are becoming increasingly imperative, particularly in view of the fact that folk medicine is the primary source of health care for 80% of the world’s population. This book discusses the role of animals in traditional folk medicine and its meaning for wildlife conservation. We hope to further stimulate further discussions about the use of biodiversity and its implications for wildlife conservation strategies.
This book describes the fauna of the Pernambuco Endemism Center in Brazil's Northern Atlantic Forest, an understudied global biodiversity hotspot. Through fifteen curated chapters, it provides the latest information about the fauna of the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest, gathering important information about the faunal composition of the region for the first time. The chapters address animal biodiversity including terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) and invertebrates (ants, butterflies, dung beetles, hervestmen, spiders, and termites). All chapters provide species lists, taxonomic aspects and richness analysis. Conservation of specific animal groups is also discussed. Finally, the book discusses human impacts on the forest and its biodiversity, emphasizing the need for conservation of this highly impacted ecosystem.
This book provides in-depth information on Caatinga’s geographical boundaries and ecological systems, including plants, insects, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It also discusses the major threats to the region’s socio-ecological systems and includes chapters on climate change and fast and large-scale land-use changes, as well as slow and small-scale changes, also known as chronic human disturbances. Subsequent chapters address sustainable agriculture, conservation systems, and sustainable development. Lastly, the book proposes 10 major actions that could enable the transformation of Caatinga into a place where people and nature can thrive together. “I consider this b...
Considers possible communist influence behind Dr. Linus Pauling's collection of signatures from scientists around the world to petition the U.N. to ban the use and production of nuclear weapons.