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Building the E-Service Society is a state-of-the-art book which deals with innovative trends in communication systems, information processing, and security and trust in electronic commerce, electronic business, and electronic government. It comprises the proceedings of I3E2004, the Fourth International Conference on E-Commerce, E-Business, and E-Government, which was held in August 2004 as a co-located conference of the 18th IFIP World Computer Congress in Toulouse, France, and sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP). The book contains recent results and developments in the following areas: E-Government: E-Government Models and Processes, E-Governance, Service Provisioning. E-Business: Infrastructures and Marketplaces, M-Commerce, Purchase and Payment. E-Commerce: Value Chain Management, E-Business Architectures and Processes, E-Business Models.
A variety of formalisms have been developed to address such aspects of handling imperfect knowledge as uncertainty, vagueness, imprecision, incompleteness, and partial inconsistency. Some of the most familiar approaches in this research field are nonmonotonic logics, modal logics, probability theory (Bayesian and non-Bayesian), belief function theory, and fuzzy sets and possibility theory. ESPRIT Basic Research Action 3085, entitled Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems (DRUMS), aims to contribute to the elucidation of similarities and differences between these formalisms. It consists of 11 active European research groups. The European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Uncertainty (ESQAU) provides a forum for these groups to meet and discuss their scientific results. This volume contains 42 contributions accepted for the ESQAU meeting held in October 1991 in Marseille, together with 12 articles presenting the activities of the DRUMS groups and two invited presentations.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the IFIP-TC6 6th Annual International Working Conference on Active Networks, IWAN 2004, held in Lawrence, KS, USA in October 2004. The 14 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper are organized in topical sections on active networking systems, active networking security, active networking applications, mobile active networks, and active networking management.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the IFIP TC6 5th International Workshop on Active Networks, IWAN 2003, held in Kyoto, Japan, in December 2003. The 24 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 73 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on high performance and network processors, high-level active network applications, low-level active network applications, self-organization of active services, experiences with service engineering for active networks, management in active networks, and selected topics in active networks.
Using qualitative methods to deal with imperfect information.
2.1 E-Government: e-Governance and e-Democracy The term Electronic Government (e-Government), as an expression, was coined after the example of Electronic Commerce. In spite of being a relatively recent expression, e-Government designates a field of activity that has been with us for several decades and which has attained a high level of penetration in many countries2. What has been observed over the recent years is a shift on the broadness of the e-Government concept. The ideas inside e-Governance and e- Democracy are to some extent promising big changes in public administration. The demand now is not only simply delivering a service - line. It is to deliver complex and new services, which are all citizen-centric. Another important demand is related to the improvement of citizen's participation in governmental processes and decisions so that the governments' transparency and legitimacy are enforced. In order to fulfill these new demands, a lot of research has been done over the recent years (see Section 3) but many challenges are still to be faced, not only in the technological field, but also in the political and social aspects.