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An examination of diagnostic processes that questions how we can better understand autism as a category and the unique forms of intelligence it glosses. As autism has grown in prevalence, so too have our attempts to make sense of it. From placing unfounded blame on vaccines to seeking a genetic cause, Americans have struggled to understand what autism is and where it comes from. Amidst these efforts, however, a key aspect of autism has been largely overlooked: the diagnostic process itself. That process is the central focus of Autistic Intelligence. The authors ask us to question the norms by which we measure autistic behavior, to probe how that behavior can be considered sensible rather tha...
Exposing ethical dilemmas of neuroscientific research on violence, this book warns against a dystopian future in which behavior is narrowly defined in relation to our biological makeup. Biological explanations for violence have existed for centuries, as has criticism of this kind of deterministic science, haunted by a long history of horrific abuse. Yet, this program has endured because of, and not despite, its notorious legacy. Today's scientists are well beyond the nature versus nurture debate. Instead, they contend that scientific progress has led to a nature and nurture, biological and social, stance that allows it to avoid the pitfalls of the past. In Conviction Oliver Rollins cautions ...
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law is a comprehensive, critical work, which analyses the state of research across the refugee law regime as a whole. Drawing together leading and emerging scholars, the Handbook provides both doctrinal and theoretical analyses of international refugee law and practice. It critiques existing law from a variety of normative positions, with several chapters identifying foundational flaws that open up space for radical rethinking. Many authors work directly in the field, and their contributions demonstrate how scholarship and practice can mutually inform each other. Contributions assess a wide range of international legal instruments relevant to refu...
Der Band geht davon aus, dass sich die Literatur und ihre Wissenschaft transdisziplinär gestalten und von Denkfiguren, Metaphern oder Modellen anderer Disziplinen speisen und umgekehrt zu einem zentralen Ort innovativer Begriffsbildung werden. Werden solche Prozesse literaturwissenschaftlicher Beschreibungsvokabulare selbst zum Gegenstand der Betrachtung, dann fallen verstärkt Rupturen, mitunter auch Kontroversen im Gebrauch der vielfach aus den Bereichen von Organizität und Technizität transferierten Metaphoriken ins Auge: Organisches und Technisches überlagern sich, interferieren, tauschen die Plätze. Eben diesen Phänomenen der Grenzüberschreitung in der metaphorischen Übertragung...
Schon lange versuchen Psychiatrie und klinische Psychologie, der Depression auf den Grund zu gehen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten richten sich die Forschungsanstrengungen auf Biomarker, das heißt biologische Parameter, mit denen depressive Erkrankungen greifbar gemacht und im Körper verankert werden sollen. Jonas Rüppel arbeitet mit einem Fokus auf genetische und neurowissenschaftliche Studien heraus, dass diese Suche nach Biomarkern jedoch nicht in der ersehnten körperlichen Fundierung resultiert. Stattdessen mündet die »Biomarkerisierung der Depression« in einer zunehmenden Destabilisierung dieses psychiatrischen Krankheitsbildes. Erkennbar wird ein neues psychiatrisches Dispositiv, das auf eine Dekonstruktion und biowissenschaftliche Neuzusammensetzung der etablierten Krankheitskategorien abzielt: das »postgenomische Prisma«. Lizenzierung: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Diana E. Forsythe was a leading anthropologist of science, technology, and work who pioneered the field of the anthropology of artificial intelligence. This volume collects her best-known essays, along with other major works that remained unpublished upon her death in 1997. It is also an exemplar of how reflexive ethnography should be done.
Suspect Families is the first book to investigate the social, political, and ethical implications of parental testing for family reunification in immigration cases. Drawing on policy documents, legal frameworks, case study material and interviews with representatives of governmental and non-governmental organisation and immigration authorities, immigration lawyers, geneticists and applicants for family reunification, the book analyses the different political regimes and social arrangements in which DNA analysis is adopted for decision-making on family reunification in three distinct European countries: Austria, Finland and Germany. Interdisciplinary in scope, the book reconstructs the proces...
Is democratic governance good for economic prosperity? Does it accelerate progress towards social welfare and human development? Does it generate a peace-dividend and reduce conflict at home? Within the international community, democracy and governance are widely advocated as intrinsically desirable goals. Nevertheless, alternative schools of thought dispute their consequences and the most effective strategy for achieving critical developmental objectives. This book argues that both liberal democracy and state capacity need to be strengthened to ensure effective development, within the constraints posed by structural conditions. Liberal democracy allows citizens to express their demands, hold public officials to account and rid themselves of ineffective leaders. Yet rising public demands that cannot be met by the state generate disillusionment with incumbent officeholders, the regime, or ultimately the promise of liberal democracy ideals. Thus governance capacity also plays a vital role in advancing human security, enabling states to respond effectively to citizen's demands.