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Virtually every aspect of American culture has been influenced by Irish immigrants and their descendants. This encyclopedia tells the full story of the Irish-American experience, covering immigration, assimilation, and achievement. The Irish have had a significant impact on America across three centuries, helping to shape politics, law, labor, war, literature, journalism, entertainment, business, sports, and science. This encyclopedia explores why the Irish came to America, where they settled, and how their distinctive Irish-American identity was formed. Well-known Irish Americans are profiled, but the work also captures the essence of everyday life for Irish-Americans as they have assimilated, established communities, and interacted with other ethnic groups. The approximately 200 entries in this comprehensive, one-stop reference are organized into four themes: the context of Irish-American emigration; political and economic life; cultural and religious life; and literature, the arts, and popular culture. Each section offers a historical overview of the subject matter, and the work is enriched by a selection of primary documents.
France's contacts with Islam and Moslem populations (especially its fallen Empire and domestic population of Algerians, Turks, and other Muslim immigrants) have conditioned French foreign and domestic policies. After briefly discussing the Crusades, Napoleon's campaigns in Egypt, the French Foreign Legion's campaigns in Algeria and Morocco, and other pre-World War I events, Watson (history, Immaculata College) reviews "contacts" during the 20th century, notably the rise and fall of the French Islamic Empire and the Algerian Crisis.
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List for March 7, 1844, is the list for September 10, 1842, amended in manuscript.