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Prevention and Control of Human T Lymphotropic Viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2)
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Shaping of Human Immune System and Metabolic Processes by Viruses and Microorganisms
Recent advances in the understanding of microbiota in health and diseases are presented in this special issue of Frontiers in Immunology and Frontiers in Microbiology as well as their impact on the immune system that can lead to the development of pathologies. Potential perspectives and biomarkers are also addressed. We offer this Research Topic involving 64 articles and 501 authors to discuss recent advances regarding: 1. An overview of the human microbiota and its capacity to interact with the human immune system and metabolic processes, 2. New developments in understanding the immune system’s strategies to respond to infections and escape strategies used by pathogens to counteract such responses, 3. The link between the microbiota and pathology in terms of autoimmunity, allergy, cancers and other diseases.
Molecular Pathology of HTLV-1
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered, in 1980, by Gallo and co-workers. About 5-10% of HTLV-1-infected individuals are at risk of developing either a fatal malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), or a chronic neuroinflammatory syndrome, HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Both diseases are incurable at present. Many issues concerning HTLV-1’s life cycle and pathobiology are still unsolved or controversial, and new approaches for prognostic stratification of patients and eradication of HTLV-1 infection are in high demand. In this Research Topic, the focus has been centered on discussing two main themes: the functional analysis and oncogenic potential of HTLV-1 regulatory proteins and the control of HTLV-1-associated diseases. The 22 articles in this eBook cover many different aspects of HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis, providing new perspectives and groundwork for future studies.
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and implications for clinical outcome
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Continued Learning of Tissue-specific Immunity from the Immuno-Pathological Spectrum of Leprosy
Leprosy is one of the oldest recorded debilitating diseases affecting mankind, the immunopathology of which is characterized by fluctuating granulomatous inflammation that targets mainly skin and peripheral nerve. The disease is caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae, a slow growing obligatory intracellular and non-cultivatable organism. The disease is manifested with diverse pathology due to varied immune (both innate and adaptive) responses of the hosts as a result of cognate interaction with the organism. Of note, leprosy can be regarded as a unique model to elucidate the complexity of host immunity at both skin and systemic levels.
Human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection, associated pathology and response of the host
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Impact of public health and social measures for COVID-19 control on infectious disease epidemiology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have had a global impact, leading to a set of public health and social measures (PHSMs). These measures—such as hand hygiene, mask wearing, and social distancing—have affected people’s behavior and thus led to change in the transmission of infectious diseases. Studies of the impact of the opportunistic implementation of PHSMs on infectious diseases including respiratory virus infections during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been reported. For example, seasonal influenza epidemics, sexual transmitted infections, and pediatric infectious diseases decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Current Geographical Publications
Current Geographical Publications (CGP) is a non-profit service to the scholarly community initiated in 1938 by the American Geographical Society of New York. Beginning in 2006, the format changed to include the tables of contents of current geographical journals. The journal titles listed link to web pages or PDF scans of the current issue's contents.
