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Strategies in the drug discovery and development for leishmaniasis: immunomodulators, natural products, synthetic compounds, and drug repositioning
Leishmaniases are a group of tropical diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. They are considered neglected diseases prevalent in emerging countries in Latin America, West Africa, and Southeast Asia and still occurring in Mediterranean countries. There is no human vaccine available to prevent and control the disease infection. For the last 70 years, the available chemotherapy has been constituted by first-line (pentavalent antimonials) and second-line drugs (amphotericin B, pentamidine, paramomycin, and miltefosine). Its route of administration is difficult, the treatment is long, and its efficiency varies depending on the parasite species and clinical manifestations, which results in the emergence of resistant cases. Moreover, they present high toxicity to patients, and even some less toxic formulations available, are still expensive for the poorest countries’ vulnerable populations. This often leads to abandonment and failure of treatment. The medical-scientific community is facing difficulties to overcome these issues with new suitable therapies, and the identification of new drug targets. So, it means that efforts to identify new strategies must continue.
Novel Insights Into the Immune Mechanisms Associated With the Pathogenesis of Chagas Disease
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Immune evasion strategies in protozoan-host interactions
The protozoa are the most ancient members of the animal kingdom and they have evolved the intracellular parasitism to ensure their survival strategies. Protozoan parasites that infect humans are extremely diverse among eukaryotes. They are responsible for many human diseases such as amebiasis, Chagas disease, malaria, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis and African sleeping sickness. The ability of protozoans to cause disease depends on the nature and number of infecting organisms, the route of infection, the virulence factors associated with the microorganism, and the strength of host defenses. This host-parasite interaction is also subject to constant change as the infection proceeds and can lead...
The Role of Glycans in Immune Cell Functions
Glycans represent a major constituency of post-translational modifications that occur on most, if not all, proteins. Whether on mammalian or invertebrate cell surfaces, they exist as sugar chain moieties designed from the exquisite and coordinated activity of cell-specific glycosylation. Some of the more common glycan structures are linked to cell surface polypeptides via an asparagine (N)-linked residue or a serine/threonine (O)-linked residue, along with a notable contingent found linked to ceramides in the lipid bilayer known as glycosphingolipids. These glycans can associate with complementary glycan-binding proteins (GBP) or lectins to mediate and translate this carbohydrate recognition...
Harnessing the Participation of Dendritic Cells in Immunity and Tolerance
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Exploiting DNA Damage Response in the Era of Precision Oncology
Topic Editor Christian Reinhardt has received funding from companies Gilead, and lecture fees from Abbvie, Merck, and AstraZeneca. All other topic editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.
Revisiting the Metastatic Cascade: Putting Myeloid Cells Into Context
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Metastasis: From Cell Adhesion and Beyond
This eBook consists of a collection of articles focused on fundamental processes of cancer cell metastasis, such as cell-Extracellular matrix adhesions, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lymph node metastasis as well as on upcoming research fields including the effects of biomechanical factors, the use of analytical and statistical tools and experimental techniques to further understand and characterize the invasive and metastatic potential of tumors.
