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Deflation can be costly and difficult to anticipate, and concerns of a generalized decline in prices in both industrial and emerging market economies have increased recently. This paper investigates the causes and consequences of deflation, the risk of deflation globally and in individual countries, and policy options. The authors discuss issues related to the measurement, determinants, and costs of deflation and examine previous episodes of deflation. They compute an index of deflation vulnerability, which they apply to the 35 largest industrial and emerging market economies. Finally, the paper offers several policy options for protecting against deflation and for coping with it should it strike.
In the last two centuries Britain has experienced a revolution in higher education, with the number of students rising from a few hundred to several million. Yet the institutions that drove - and still drive - this change have been all but ignored by historians. Drawing on a decade's research, and based on work in dozens of archives, many of them used for the very first time, this is the first full-scale study of the civic universities - new institutions in the nineteenth century reflecting the growth of major Victorian cities in Britain, such as Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, York, and Durham - for more than 50 years. Tracing their story from the 1780s until the 2010s, it is an ambitiou...
Ervin Bossanyi (1891-1975), best known for his glorious stained glass, was a master in many art forms. His work, expressed in a language of strong colour and skilful draughtsmanship, speaks of harmony, serenity, and human dignity which tells much about a sensitive artist who shunned publicity and was happiest in the sanctuary of his studio. Born in Hungary, Bossanyi was twice exiled, first in Germany, and then after the rise of National Socialism, in England. The influences upon him crossed cultural divides and continents and were blended into an unmistakable personal style. The full richness of his legacy - in paintings, sculpture, textiles, metalwork and stained glass - is revealed here by an international team of authors and over 300 illustrations. These are ample evidence that he is a major artist of the 20th century.
This collection of essays illuminates the origins, forms and consequences of terror, whether perpetrated by republicans or government forces.
The partition of Ireland created two states embodying rival ideologies and representing two hostile peoples. David Fitzpatrick's narrative begins with the Government of Ireland Bill of 1912 and closes with the imposition of the Emergency Powers Act in 1939. This is the first sustained integration of the political history of the two Irelands in the era of revolution and partition.
Since taking power in 2010, the Coalition Government in the United Kingdom has pushed through a drastic program of cuts to public spending, all in the name of austerity. The effects on large segments of the population, dependent on programs whose funding was slashed, have been devastating and will continue to be felt for generations. This timely book by journalist Mary O'Hara chronicles the real-world effects of austerity, removing it from the bland, technocratic language of politics and showing just what austerity means to ordinary lives. Drawing on hundreds of hours of first-person interviews with a wide range of people and, in the paperback edition, featuring an updated afterword by the author, the book explores the grim reality of living amid the biggest reduction of the welfare state in the postwar era and offers a compelling corrective to narratives of shared sacrifice.
Father to the poet Louis MacNeice, Frederick MacNeice was a remarkable clergyman of the Church of Ireland who ended his career as Lord Bishop of Down and Connor and Dromore. This clerical biography draws a portrait of Orangeism and Unionism in 20th century Ulster while touching on Frederick's impact on his son.