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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Health and Disease
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an organelle with extraordinary signaling and homeostatic functions. It is the organelle responsible for protein folding, maturation, quality control and trafficking of proteins destined for the plasma membrane or for secretion into the extracellular environment. Failure, overloading or malfunctioning of any of the signaling or quality control mechanisms occurring in the ER may provoke a stress condition known as ‘ER stress’. Accumulating evidence indicates that ER stress may dramatically perturb interactions between the cell and its environment, and contribute to the development of human diseases, ranging from metabolic diseases and cancer to neurodegen...
Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer: From Benchside Research to Bedside Reality
Classically, anti-cancer therapies have always been applied with the primary aim of tumor debulking achieved through widespread induction of cancer cell death. While the role of host immune system is frequently considered as host protective in various (antigen-bearing) pathologies or infections yet in case of cancer overtime it was proposed that the host immune system either plays no role in therapeutic efficacy or plays a limited role that is therapeutically unemployable. The concept that the immune system is dispensable for the efficacy of anticancer therapies lingered on for a substantial amount of time; not only because evidence supporting the claim that anti-cancer immunity played a rol...
Self-Eating on Demand: Autophagy in Cancer and Cancer Therapy
Macroautophagy, the major lysosomal pathway for recycling intracellular components including whole organelles, has emerged as a key process modulating tumorigenesis, tumor–stroma interactions, and cancer therapy. An impressive number of studies over the past decade have unraveled the plastic role of autophagy during tumor development and dissemination. The discoveries that autophagy may either support or repress neoplastic growth and contextually favor or weaken resistance and impact antitumor immunity have spurred efforts from many laboratories trying to conceptualize the complex role of autophagy in cancer using cellular and preclinical models. This complexity is further accentuated by r...
Handbook of Photomedicine
Providing the most comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of this exciting biomedical field, Handbook of Photomedicine gathers together a large team of international experts to give you a complete account of the application of light in healthcare and medical science. The book progresses logically from the history and fundamentals of photomedicine to diverse therapeutic applications of light, known collectively as phototherapies. It facilitates your understanding of human diseases caused by light, the rationale for photoprotection, and major applications of phototherapy in clinical practice. The handbook begins with a series of historical vignettes of pioneers from the last two centuries. It also...
Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy - Integrated Methods Part B
Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy - Integrated Methods Part B, Volume 636 in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Chapters in this update include Quantification methods of Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF?ß) activity in the setting of cancer immunotherapy, Decoding cancer cell death-driven immune cell recruitment: An in vivo method for site-of-vaccination analyses, Tracking and interrogating tissue-resident and recruited microglia in brain tumors, Metabolomics and lipidomics of the tumor microenvironment, Monitoring abscopal responses to radiation in mice, and much more. - Provides an array of authors who are authorities in the field - Presents comprehensiveness coverage of the topics - Includes a broad level of detail and in-depth coverage
Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer
This volume provides a comprehensive review of resistance induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in tumor cells. Understanding the underlying mechanisms in this process leads to the improvement of therapeutic modality, in combination with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure that can exert a selective or preferential cytotoxic activity toward malignant cells. The procedure involves administration of an intrinsically non-toxic photosensitizing agent (PS) followed by irradiation at a wavelength corresponding to a visible absorption band of the sensitizer. In the presence of oxygen, a series of events lead to direct tumor cell death, damage to the microvasculature, and induction of a local inflammatory reaction. Studies reveal that PDT can be curative, particularly in early stage tumors and this volume explores the potential of PDT, but also reveals strategic approaches to overcome resistance in tumor cells.
Autophagy
In recent years strong progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of Crohn’s disease, a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent data suggest that if autophagy, the major lysosomal pathway for recycling of cytoplasmic material, is inhibited, this may significantly contribute to an increased susceptibility for Crohn’s disease. Consequently, intense investigations have started to evaluate the potential value of autophagy as a druggable therapeutic target, and as a very necessary diagnostic tool. Interestingly, as well as the promising introduction of direct autophagic modulators, several other drugs already used clinically in the tr...
Autophagy
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as signaling molecules in pathways regulating cell growth and differentiation, inflammation, immune responses, survival, and death. ROS have been shown to promote autophagy, a lysosomal pathway for degradation of dysfunctional unnecessary cellular components. In fact, recent works have revealed a complex cross-talk between these intertwined signals. Whereas ROS can modulate autophagy activation in response to different types of stimuli, autophagy, in turn, may modulate ROS production by degrading, for example, dysfunctional mitochondria that generate aberrant amounts of ROS. Autophagy pathways can act both as tumor-promoter and tumor-suppressor mech...
Smart Systems in Biotechnology
This compact volume is focused on an eclectic mix of biotechnological and biomedical applications of stimuli-sensitive polymeric materials. It starts with their chemical synthesis and design strategies. This is followed by discussions of their applications in microfluidics, biosensors, wound healing and anticancer therapy. Two other interesting applications covered are the design of aptamer-based smart surfaces for biological applications and use of smart hydrogels in tissue engineering. In general, it provides a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art in design and applications of smart systems at the interfaces of biological sciences.
Crosstalk between Cell Death, Oxidative Stress, and Immune Regulation
Cell death, a biological event important for maintaining the growth, development, and life processes of organisms, mainly includes programmed death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial apoptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfidptosis, etc.) and non-programmed death (cell necrosis). Many diseases, including cancers, exhibit dysregulated immune activities as key features due to the increase in oxidative stress, which eventually leads to cell death. Understanding the intricate relationships between cell death, oxidative stress, and immune regulation could be critical in elucidating the key molecular mechanisms of these diseases, possibly uncovering novel therapeutics/diagnostics for disease management. For example, ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death that is triggered by the toxic accumulation of oxidative stress, can induce immunosuppression in tumor neutrophils, whereas inhibition of ferroptosis can slow tumor progression. For another example, pyroptosis, a form of lytic cell death which can be triggered by oxidative stress, when occurs in tumor cells, can induce a strong inflammatory response and significant tumor regression.
