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The formation of disulphide bonds is probably the most influential modification of proteins. These bonds are unique among post-translational modifications of proteins as they can covalently link cysteine residues far apart in the primary sequence of a protein. This has the potential to convey stability to otherwise marginally stable structures of proteins. However, the reactivity of cysteines comes at a price: the potential to form incorrect disulphide bonds, interfere with folding, or even cause aggregation. An elaborate set of cellular machinery exists to catalyze and guide this process: facilitating bond formation, inhibiting unwanted pairings and scrutinizing the outcomes. Only in recent...
Armed with cutting-edge techniques, biochemists have unwittingly uncovered startling molecular features inside the cell that compel only one possible conclusion--a supernatural agent must be responsible for life. Destined to be a landmark apologetic work, The Cell's Design explores the full scientific and theological impact of these discoveries. Instead of focusing on the inability of natural processes to generate life's chemical systems (as nearly all apologetics works do), Fazale Rana makes a positive case for life's supernatural basis by highlighting the many biochemical features that reflect the Creator's hallmark signature. This breakthrough work extends the case for design beyond irreducible complexity. These never-before-discussed evidences for design will evoke awe and amazement at God's creative majesty in the remarkable elegance of the cell's chemistry.
To produce energy, aerobic organisms transform oxygen molecules into water. This reductive mechanism yields toxic radical intermediates, collectively known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Paradoxically, these physiological processes entail the production of potentially damaging species. Evolution has turned this apparent disadvantage into an opportunity for transmitting information. As a result, redox signaling within the cell is an efficient exquisitely organized process. A key element for its regulation is the physical separation of sources and targets into different cell compartments. Peroxiporins, H2O2 transporting proteins spanning biological membranes, distribute the signal from emit...
In step with the surge of interest in the endoplasmic reticulum, the current volume takes an integrated look at this functionally diverse organelle. Coverage includes protein translocation and export, lipid metabolism, antigen presentation, and many other subjects, gleaned from such diverse fields as cell biology, enzymology and membrane biochemistry, immunology, and signal transduction.
In Cambridge in the 1950s, several research groups funded by the Medical Research Council were producing exciting results. In the Biochemistry Department, Sanger determined the amino acid sequence of insulin, and was awarded a Nobel Prize for this in 1958. At the Cavendish Laboratory, in the MRC Unit for the Study of the Molecular Structure of Biological Systems, Watson and Crick solved the structure of DNA, and Perutz and Kendrew produced the first three-dimensional maps of protein structures – haemoglobin and myoglobin – for which all four were later awarded Nobel Prizes. This made it timely to create, in 1962, a new Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge by amalgamating these groups with other MRC-funded groups from London. The Laboratory has become one of the most successful in its field, and the number of Nobel Prizes awarded over the years to scientists at LMB has risen to thirteen. This book follows the development of LMB, through the people who moved into the new Laboratory and their research. It describes events and personalities that have given the Laboratory a friendly, family atmosphere, while continuing to be scientifically productive.
The Antibodies presents models, theories, and techniques of molecular biology for understanding the mechanisms of antibody action, including the genetics, and receptor and channel action. This book includes applications of engineered antibodies in diagnosis, immunotherapy, and protein purification. It provides new insights into the structural basis for antigen binding, effector functions, and regulation of the immune response. The authors focus on the most essential and promising advances in antibody engineering, and on building immunoglobulins for therepeutic applications.
Recent advances in the field of recombinant antibodies have permitted the manipulation of genes encoding specific antibodies, thus allowing their ectopic expression in a wide variety of non-lymphoid cells. This volume describes how the ectopic expression of antibodies, as secreted or as intracellularly retargeted molecules, can be exploited to block biological functions or to confer new phenotypic traits (e.g. resistance to a virus). This is the first book describing this emerging technology, which is receiving increasing attention for application in many different fields and biological systems - from human gene therapy to plant biotechnology.
Molecular Biology of B Cells is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotyes. The molecular basis of many diseases due to B cell abnormality is also discussed. This definitive reference is directed at research level immunologists, molecular biologists and geneticists.
Environmental risk factors – noise, air pollution, chemical agents, and ultraviolet radiation – impact human health by contributing to the onset and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Accordingly, there is need for preclinical and clinical studies and comprehensive summary of major findings. This book is a state-of-the-art summary of these myriad severe life stressors. The chapters on the different pollutants focus on disease mechanisms (cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic disorders) and on oxidative stress and inflammation. The editors emphasize emerging mechanisms based on dysregulation of the circadian clock, the microbiome, epigenetic pathways, and cognitive function by environmental stressors, and introduce the exposome concept while highlighting existing research gaps. Key Features: Links various environmental stressors to the incidence of noncommunicable diseases Includes chapters on airborne toxins, chemical pollutants, noise, and ultraviolet radiation stressors Contributions from an international team of leading researchers Summarizes the impacts of stressors on disease mechanisms